PSR J2322$-$2650 -- A low-luminosity millisecond pulsar with a planetary-mass companion

Abstract

We present the discovery of a binary millisecond pulsar (MSP), PSR J2322$-$2650, found in the Southern section of the High Time Resolution Universe survey. This system contains a 3.5-ms pulsar with a $\sim 10^{-3}$ M${}_{\odot }$ companion in a 7.75-hour circular orbit. Follow-up observations at the Parkes and Lovell telescopes have led to precise measurements of the astrometric and spin parameters, including the period derivative, timing parallax, and proper motion. PSR J2322$-$2650 has a parallax of $4.4\pm 1.2$ mas, and is thus at an inferred distance of $230_{-50}^{+90}$ pc, making this system a candidate for optical studies. We have detected a source of $R\approx 26.4$ mag at the radio position in a single $R$-band observation with the Keck Telescope, and this is consistent with the blackbody temperature we would expect from the companion if it fills its Roche lobe. The intrinsic period derivative of PSR J2322$-$2650 is among the lowest known, $4.4(4)\times 10^{-22}$ s s${}^{-1}$, implying a low surface magnetic field strength, $4.0(4)\times 10^7$ G. Its mean radio flux density of 160 $\mu$Jy combined with the distance implies that its radio luminosity is the lowest ever measured, $0.008(5)$ mJy kpc${}^2$. The inferred population of these systems in the Galaxy may be very significant, suggesting that this is a common MSP evolutionary path.

arXiv comment10 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (36)

• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• The ATNF Pulsar Catalogue
• The ATNF Pulsar Catalogue
• TEMPO2, a new pulsar timing package. I: Overview
• A New Electron Density Model for Estimation of Pulsar and FRB Distances
• An increased estimate of the merger rate of double neutron stars from observations of a highly relativistic system
• A Double-Pulsar System - A Rare Laboratory for Relativistic Gravity and Plasma Physics
• The Second Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars
• A periodically active pulsar giving insight into magnetospheric physics
• A Three-Dimensional Map of Milky-Way Dust
• The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey I: System configuration and initial discoveries
• The characteristics of millisecond pulsar emission: I. Spectra, pulse shapes and the beaming fraction
• Re-examining the X-Ray versus Spin-Down Luminosity Correlation of Rotation Powered Pulsars
• On Pulsar Distance Measurements and their Uncertainties
• M dwarfs: effective temperatures, radii and metallicities
• The Green Bank Northern Celestial Cap Pulsar Survey - I: Survey Description, Data Analysis, and Initial Results
• Transformation of a Star into a Planet in a Millisecond Pulsar Binary
• Discovery of PSR J1227-4853: A transition from a low-mass X-ray binary to a redback millisecond pulsar
• The Northern High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey I: Setup and initial discoveries
• Masses and orbital inclinations of planets in the PSR B1257+12 system
• Binary Millisecond Pulsar Discovery via Gamma-Ray Pulsations
• PsrPopPy: An open-source package for pulsar population simulations
• LEAP: the large European array for pulsars
• Parkes radio searches of Fermi gamma-ray sources and millisecond pulsar discoveries
• The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey VIII: The Galactic millisecond pulsar population
• Five New Millisecond Pulsars From a Radio Survey of 14 Unidentified Fermi-LAT Gamma-ray Sources
• The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey X: Discovery of four millisecond pulsars and updated timing solutions of a further 12
• Chandra pulsar survey (ChaPS)
• Radio Detection of the Fermi LAT Blind Search Millisecond Pulsar J1311-3430
• Implications of the PSR 1257+12 Planetary System for Isolated Millisecond Pulsars
• A Search for Fallback Disks in Four Young Supernova Remnants
• Limits on Planet Formation Around Young Pulsars and Implications for Supernova Fallback Disks
• Two Millisecond Pulsars Discovered by the PALFA Survey and a Shapiro Delay Measurement
• Why are pulsar planets rare?
• The Pulsar Planets: A Test Case of Terrestrial Planet Assembly
• The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey - VII: discovery of five millisecond pulsars and the different luminosity properties of binary and isolated recycled pulsars

Cited by in corpus (26)

• Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in 2015-2017 LIGO Data
• Evidence for a minimum ellipticity in millisecond pulsars
• The MeerTime Pulsar Timing Array -- A Census of Emission Properties and Timing Potential
• Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in the Second and Third LIGO-Virgo Observing Runs
• Einstein@Home discovers a radio-quiet gamma-ray millisecond pulsar
• A New Flaring Black Widow Candidate and Demographics of Black Widow Millisecond Pulsars in the Galactic Field
• Black widow evolution: magnetic braking by an ablated wind
• The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey -- XVI. Discovery and timing of 40 pulsars from the southern Galactic plane
• An Observationally-Derived Kick Distribution for Neutron Stars in Binary Systems
• A Dense Companion to the Short-Period Millisecond Pulsar Binary PSR J0636+5128
• The LOFAR Tied-Array All-Sky Survey: Timing of 21 pulsars including the first binary pulsar discovered with LOFAR
• Black widow formation by pulsar irradiation and sustained magnetic braking
• A search for planetary companions around 800 pulsars from the Jodrell Bank pulsar timing programme
• Close-in Exoplanets as Candidates of Strange Quark Matter Objects
• Formation of black widows through ultra-compact X-ray binaries with He star companions
• The NANOGrav 11-year Data Set: Constraints on Planetary Masses Around 45 Millisecond Pulsars
• Discoveries and Timing of Pulsars in NGC 6440
• Opportunistic search for continuous gravitational waves from compact objects in long-period binaries
• Lost in space: companions' fatal dance around massive dying stars
• One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog
• The systemic recoil velocity distribution and the scale height of field millisecond pulsar systems: Implications on neutron star retention fractions in star clusters
• On the Deepest Search for Galactic Center Pulsars and an Examination of an Intriguing Millisecond Pulsar Candidate
• Identification of radio and gamma-ray pulsars in X-rays using data from the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey
• Searching for Exotrojans in Pulsar Systems
• Atmospheric Signatures of Common Envelope Evolution in White Dwarf Planets
• Tidal effect on the gyroscopic precession around a compact star