Spinning superfluid helium-4 nanodroplets

Abstract

We have studied spinning superfluid ${}^4$He nanodroplets at zero temperature using Density Functional theory. Due to the irrotational character of the superfluid flow, the shapes of the spinning nanodroplets are very different from those of a viscous normal fluid drop in steady rotation. We show that when vortices are nucleated inside the superfluid droplets, their morphology, which evolves from axisymmetric oblate to triaxial prolate to two-lobed shapes, is in good agreement with experiments. The presence of vortex arrays confers to the superfluid droplets the rigid-body behavior of a normal fluid in steady rotation, and this is the ultimate reason of the surprising good agreement between recent experiments and the classical models used for their description.

5 pages, 3 figure

References in corpus (3)

• Density Functional Theory of doped superfluid liquid helium and nanodroplets
• Polygonal excitations of spinning and levitating droplets
• Vortex arrays in nanoscopic superfluid helium droplets

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• Shapes of rotating normal fluid 3He versus superfluid 4He droplets in molecular beams
• Vortices in quantum droplets of heteronuclear Bose mixtures
• Towards a QMC-based density functional including finite-range effects: excitation modes of a ${}^{39}$K quantum droplet
• Coexistence of vortex arrays and surface capillary waves in spinning prolate superfluid He-4 nanodroplets
• Diffraction imaging of light induced dynamics in xenon-doped helium nanodroplets
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• Rotating mixed ${}^3$He-${}^4$He nanodroplets
• Nanoscopic jets and filaments of superfluid He-4 at zero temperature: a DFT study
• Physics-Informed Neural Networks for the Quantum Droplets in Binary Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Merging of superfluid Helium nanodroplets with vortices