The evolution of photo-evaporating viscous discs in binaries

Abstract

A large fraction of stars are in binary systems, yet the evolution of proto-planetary discs in binaries has been little explored from the theoretical side. In this paper we investigate the evolution of the discs surrounding the primary and secondary components of binary systems on the assumption that this is driven by photoevaporation induced by X-rays from the respective star. We show how for close enough separations (20-30 AU for average X-ray luminosities) the tidal torque of the companion changes the qualitative behaviour of disc dispersal from inside out to outside in. Fewer transition discs created by photoevaporation are thus expected in binaries. We also demonstrate that in close binaries the reduction in viscous time leads to accelerated disc clearing around both components, consistent with $\text{unresolved}$ observations. When looking at the $\text{differential}$ disc evolution around the two components, in close binaries discs around the secondary clear first due to the shorter viscous timescale associated with the smaller outer radius. In wide binaries instead the difference in photo-evaporation rate makes the secondaries longer lived, though this is somewhat dependent on the assumed scaling of viscosity with stellar mass. We find that our models are broadly compatible with the growing sample of $\text{resolved}$ observations of discs in binaries. We also predict that binaries have higher accretion rates than single stars for the same disc mass. Thus binaries probably contribute to the observed scatter in the relationship between disc mass and accretion rate in young stars.

12 pages, 9 figures; accepted on MNRAS

References in corpus (16)

• The Transiting Circumbinary Planets Kepler-34 and Kepler-35
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs II: evolutionary models and observable properties
• The XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud (XEST)
• Dust dynamics during protoplanetary disc clearing
• The Disk Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Region
• A VLT/NACO Survey for Triple and Quadruple Systems among Visual Pre-Main Sequence Binaries
• Accretion in protoplanetary disks: the imprint of core properties
• Misaligned Protoplanetary Disks in a Young Binary System
• Empirical Tests of Pre-Main-Sequence Stellar Evolution Models with Eclipsing Binaries
• Protoplanetary disc `isochrones' and the evolution of discs in the $\dot{M}-M_{\mathrm{d}}$ plane
• Constraints from Dust Mass and Mass Accretion Rate Measurements on Angular Momentum Transport in Protoplanetary Disks
• Tidal Torques on Misaligned Disks in Binary Systems
• The stellar mass-accretion rate relation in T Tauri stars and brown dwarfs
• The dispersal of protoplanetary disks around binary stars
• The link between disc dispersal by photoevaporation and the semi-major axis distribution of exoplanets
• Sub-stellar Companions and Stellar Multiplicity in the Taurus Star-Forming Region

Cited by in corpus (26)

• Spiral arms in the proto-planetary disc HD100453 detected with ALMA: evidence for binary-disc interaction and a vertical temperature gradient
• PENELLOPE: the ESO data legacy program to complement the Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars (ULLYSES) I. Survey presentation and accretion properties of Orion OB1 and $\sigma$-Orionis
• Gap, shadows, spirals, streamers: SPHERE observations of binary-disk interactions in GG Tau A
• A dusty origin for the correlation between protoplanetary disc accretion rates and dust masses
• On dust evolution in planet-forming discs in binary systems. I -- Theoretical and numerical modelling: radial drift is faster in binary discs
• The effect of stellar multiplicity on protoplanetary discs. A NIR survey of the Lupus star forming region
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Class III Stars: Early Planetesimal Belt Formation and Rapid Disk Dispersal
• Observational constraints on disc sizes in protoplanetary discs in multiple systems in the Taurus region. II. Gas disc sizes
• The TIME Table: Rotation and Ages of Cool Exoplanet Host Stars
• Upper limits on protolunar disc masses using ALMA observations of directly-imaged exoplanets
• Long live the disk: lifetimes of protoplanetary disks in hierarchical triple star systems and a possible explanation for HD 98800 B
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): A close low mass companion to ET Cha
• Stellar multiplicity affects the correlation between proto-planetary disc masses and accretion rates: binaries explain high-accretors in Upper Sco
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk) V: Possible Annular Substructure in a Circumstellar Disk in the Ced110 IRS4 System
• On dust evolution in planet-forming discs in binary systems. II -- Comparison with Taurus and $\rho$ Ophiuchus (sub-)millimetre observations: discs in binaries have small dust sizes
• The evolution of circumstellar discs in the Galactic Centre: an application to the G-clouds
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Diverse outcomes of binary-disk interactions
• Two warm Earth-sized exoplanets and an Earth-sized candidate in the M5V-M6V binary system TOI-2267
• Resolving the Binary Components of the Outbursting Protostar HBC 494 with ALMA
• How many suns are in the sky? A SPHERE multiplicity survey of exoplanet host stars I -- Four new close stellar companions including a white dwarf
• Planet-forming disks and their environment across regions and time from the full NIR census
• The PAIRS project: a global formation model for planets in binaries. I. Effect of disc truncation on the growth of S-type planets
• The jet and circumstellar environment of the young binary DF Tau
• X-Shooter survey of disk accretion in Upper Scorpius I. Very high accretion rates at age>5 Myr
• Compact CO emission and no evidence of radial drift. ALMA observations of the faintest planet-forming disks in Lupus
• The influence of tight binaries on proto-planetary disk masses