Chiral magnetic textures in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers: Evolution and topological Hall signature

Abstract

Skyrmions are topologically protected, two-dimensional, localized hedgehogs and whorls of spin. Originally invented as a concept in field theory for nuclear interactions, skyrmions are central to a wide range of phenomena in condensed matter. Their realization at room temperature (RT) in magnetic multilayers has generated considerable interest, fueled by technological prospects and the access granted to fundamental questions. The interaction of skyrmions with charge carriers gives rise to exotic electrodynamics, such as the topological Hall effect (THE), the Hall response to an emergent magnetic field, a manifestation of the skyrmion Berry-phase. The proposal that THE can be used to detect skyrmions needs to be tested quantitatively. For that it is imperative to develop comprehensive understanding of skyrmions and other chiral textures, and their electrical fingerprint. Here, using Hall transport and magnetic imaging, we track the evolution of magnetic textures and their THE signature in a technologically viable multilayer film as a function of temperature ($T$) and out-of-plane applied magnetic field ($H$). We show that topological Hall resistivity (${\rho }_{\mathrm{TH}}$) scales with the density of isolated skyrmions ($n_{\mathrm{sk}}$) over a wide range of $T$, confirming the impact of the skyrmion Berry-phase on electronic transport. We find that at higher $n_{\mathrm{sk}}$ skyrmions cluster into worms which carry considerable topological charge, unlike topologically-trivial spin spirals. While we establish a qualitative agreement between ${\rho }_{\mathrm{TH}}(H,T)$ and areal density of topological charge $n_{\mathrm{T}}(H,T)$, our detailed quantitative analysis shows a much larger ${\rho }_{\mathrm{TH}}$ than the prevailing theory predicts for observed $n_{\mathrm{T}}$.

arXiv commentMajor revision of the original version. The extensive Supplementary Information is available upon request

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Cited by in corpus (48)

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• Direct measurement of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at the MoS${}_2$/Ni${}_{80}$Fe${}_{20}$ interface
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• Emergent giant topological Hall effect in twisted Fe3GeTe2 metallic system
• Deterministic Electrical Control of Single Magnetic Bubbles in Nanostructured Cells
• Fingerprints of the electron skew-scattering on paramagnetic impurities in semiconductor systems
• Bounds and anomalies of inhomogeneous anomalous Hall effects
• Magnetic Bloch-point hopping in multilayer skyrmions and associated emergent electromagnetic signatures
• Correlating on-the-fly Electrical and Optical Skyrmion Readout
• High-resolution tunneling spin transport characteristics of topologically distinct magnetic skyrmionic textures from theoretical calculations
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