Robust techniques for polarization and detection of nuclear spin ensembles

Abstract

Highly sensitive nuclear spin detection is crucial in many scientific areas including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), imaging (MRI) and quantum computing. The tiny thermal nuclear spin polarization represents a major obstacle towards this goal which may be overcome by Dynamic Nuclear Spin Polarization (DNP) methods. The latter often rely on the transfer of the thermally polarized electron spins to nearby nuclear spins, which is limited by the Boltzmann distribution of the former. Here we demonstrate the polarization and read out of a nuclear spin bath consisting of ${}^{13}$C nuclear spins in diamond by using a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. Our method utilizes microwave dressed states to transfer the NV's high ($>$~92~\%) non-equilibrium electron spin polarization induced by short laser pulses to the surrounding carbon nuclear spins, where the NV is repeatedly repolarized optically, thus providing an effectively infinite polarization reservoir. A saturation of the polarization in the nuclear "frozen core" is achieved, which is confirmed by the decay of the polarization transfer signal and shows an excellent agreement with theoretical simulations. Hereby we introduce the Polarization Read Out by Polarization Inversion (PROPI) method as a quantitative magnetization measure of the nuclear spin bath. Moreover, we show that using the integrated solid effect both for single and double quantum transitions a nuclear spin polarization can be achieved even when the static magnetic field is not aligned along the NV's crystal axis. This opens a path for the application of our DNP technique to spins in and outside of nanodiamonds, enabling their application as MRI tracers.

arXiv commentThe text and figures have been improved

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Cited by in corpus (28)

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• ${}^{13}$C Hyperpolarization with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Micro- and Nanodiamonds for Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Applications
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• Qubit-environment Negativity versus Fidelity of conditional environmental states for an NV-center spin qubit interacting with a nuclear environment
• High-Fidelity Electron Spin Gates for Scaling Diamond Quantum Register
• Ambiguous Resonances in Multipulse Quantum Sensing with Nitrogen Vacancy Centers
• Appearance of objectivity for NV centers interacting with dynamically polarized nuclear environment
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• Precession-induced nonclassicality of the free induction decay of NV centers by a dynamical polarized nuclear spin bath
• Adaptively partitioned analog quantum simulation on near-term quantum computers: The nonclassical free-induction decay of NV centers in diamond
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• Robust Dynamical Decoupling for the Manipulation of a Spin Network via a Single Spin
• Suppression of spin bath and low-frequency noise for sub-MHz AC magnetometry based on double-dressed spin qubit in diamond