MARVEL analysis of the measured high-resolution rovibronic spectra of ${}^{48}$Ti${}^{16}$O

Abstract

Accurate, experimental rovibronic energy levels, with associated labels and uncertainties, are reported for 11 low-lying electronic states of the diatomic \TiO\ molecule, determined using the \Marvel\ (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) algorithm. All levels are based on lines corresponding to critically reviewed and validated high-resolution experimental spectra taken from 24 literature sources. The transition data are in the 2 $-$ 22,160 \cm{} region. Out of the 49,679 measured transitions, 43,885 are triplet-triplet, 5710 are singlet-singlet and 84 are triplet-singlet transitions. A careful analysis of the resulting experimental spectroscopic network (SN) allows 48,590 transitions to be validated. The transitions determine 93 vibrational band origins of \TiO\, including 71 triplet and 22 singlet ones. There are 276 (73) triplet-triplet (singlet-singlet) band-heads derived from \Marvel\ experimental energies, 123 (38) of which have never been assigned in low or high resolution experiments. The highest $J$ value, where $J$ stands for the total angular momentum, for which an energy level is validated is 163. The number of experimentally-derived triplet and singlet \TiO\ rovibrational energy levels is 8682 and 1882, respectively. The lists of validated lines and levels for \TiO\ are deposited in the Supporting Information to this paper.

References in corpus (20)

• A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion
• A Unified Theory for the Atmospheres of the Hot and Very Hot Jupiters: Two Classes of Irradiated Atmospheres
• The ExoMol database: molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres
• ExoMol line lists III: An improved hot rotation-vibration line list for HCN and HNC
• Detection of H2O and evidence for TiO/VO in an ultra hot exoplanet atmosphere
• ExoMol line lists XVIII. The high temperature spectrum of VO
• Duo: a general program for calculating spectra of diatomic molecules
• HST hot Jupiter transmission spectral survey: evidence for aerosols and lack of TiO in the atmosphere of WASP-12b
• TiO and H${}_2$O absorption lines in cool stellar atmospheres
• An HST Optical to Near-IR Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter WASP-19b: Detection of Atmospheric Water and Likely Absence of TiO
• TiO and VO broad band absorption features in the optical spectrum of the atmosphere of the hot-Jupiter HD209458b
• HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: Haze in the atmosphere of WASP-6b
• A search for TiO in the optical high-resolution transmission spectrum of HD 209458b: Hindrance due to inaccuracies in the line database
• The {\it ab initio} calculation of spectra of open shell diatomic molecules
• Identifying new opportunities for exoplanet characterisation at high spectral resolution
• Experimental energy levels and partition function of the ${}^{12}$C${}_2$ molecule
• The calculated rovibronic spectrum of scandium hydride, ScH
• ExoMol molecular line lists XII: Line Lists for 8 isotopologues of CS
• Ab initio calculations to support accurate modelling of the rovibronic spectroscopy calculations of vanadium monoxide (VO)
• The Need for Laboratory Work to Aid in The Understanding of Exoplanetary Atmospheres

Cited by in corpus (29)

• ExoMol Molecular linelists -- XXXIII. The spectrum of Titanium Oxide
• The 2020 release of the ExoMol database: molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres
• Non-detection of TiO and VO in the atmosphere of WASP-121b using high-resolution spectroscopy
• ExoMol Line List XXI: Nitric Oxide (NO)
• The ExoMol Atlas of Molecular Opacities
• Marvel analysis of the measured high-resolution rovibrational spectra of H2S
• MARVEL analysis of the measured high-resolution rovibrational spectra of C2H2
• Laboratory spectra of hot molecules: data needs for hot super-Earth exoplanets
• A physically motivated and empirically calibrated method to measure effective temperature, metallicity, and Ti abundance of M dwarfs
• ExoMol molecular line lists XXXVI: $X{}^2\Pi -X{}^2\Pi$ and $A{}^2{\Sigma }^{+}-X{}^2\Pi$ transitions of SH
• An update to the MARVEL dataset and ExoMol line list for 12C2
• A high-resolution line list for AlO
• MARVEL Analysis of the Measured High-Resolution Rovibronic Spectra of 90Zr16O
• An improved rovibrational linelist of formaldehyde, \spec{h212c16o}
• Original Research By Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS): Ephemeris Refinement of Transiting Exoplanets
• Assessing Spectra and Thermal Inversions due to TiO in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres
• MARVEL analysis of the measured high-resolution spectra of ${}^{14}$NH
• Experimental energy levels of 12C14N through MARVEL analysis
• Data availability and requirements relevant for the Ariel space mission and other exoplanet atmosphere applications
• A quantitative assessment of the VO line list: Inaccuracies hamper high-resolution VO detections in exoplanet atmospheres
• Mass-independent analysis of the stable isotopologues of gas-phase titanium monoxide -- TiO
• Analysis of the TiO isotopologues in stellar optical spectra
• The Rotationally Resolved Infrared Spectrum of TiO and Its Isotopologues
• MARVEL analysis of the measured high-resolution rovibronic spectra of the calcium monohydroxide radical (CaOH)
• Evaluating participants' experience of extended interaction with cutting-edge physics research through the PRiSE 'research in schools' programme
• A variational model for the hyperfine resolved spectrum of VO in its ground electronic state
• Original Research By Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS): Ephemeris Refinement of Transiting Exoplanets II
• Determination of approximate quantum labels based on projections of the total angular momentum on the molecule-fixed axis
• Quantifying the dust in SN 2012aw and iPTF14hls with ORBYTS