Mass-independent analysis of the stable isotopologues of gas-phase titanium monoxide -- TiO

Abstract

More than 130 pure rotational transitions of ${}^{46}$TiO, ${}^{47}$TiO, ${}^{48}$TiO, ${}^{49}$TiO, ${}^{50}$TiO, and ${}^{48}$Ti${}^{18}$O are recorded using a high-resolution mm-wave supersonic jet spectrometer in combination with a laser ablation source. For the first time a mass-independent Dunham-like analysis is performed encompassing rare titanium monoxide isotopologues, and are compared to results from high-accuracy quantum-chemical calculations. The obtained parametrization reveals for titanium monoxide effects due to deviations from the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Additionally, the dominant titanium properties enable an insight into the electronic structure of TiO by analyzing its hyperfine interactions. Further, based on the mass-independent analysis, the frequency positions of the pure rotational transitions of the short lived rare isotopologue ${}^{44}$TiO are predicted with high accuracy, i.e., on a sub-MHz uncertainty level. This allows for dedicated radio-astronomical searches of this species in core-collapse environments of supernovae.

29 pages, 3 figures

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• Observational predictions for Thorne-Żytkow objects
• The Rotationally Resolved Infrared Spectrum of TiO and Its Isotopologues
• King-plot analysis of isotope shifts in simple diatomic molecules