Generalizing MOND to explain the missing mass in galaxy clusters

Abstract

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a gravitational framework designed to explain the astronomical observations in the Universe without the inclusion of particle dark matter. Modified Newtonian Dynamics, in its current form, cannot explain the missing mass in galaxy clusters without the inclusion of some extra mass, be it in the form of neutrinos or non-luminous baryonic matter. We investigate whether the MOND framework can be generalized to account for the missing mass in galaxy clusters by boosting gravity in high gravitational potential regions. We examine and review Extended MOND (EMOND), which was designed to increase the MOND scale acceleration in high potential regions, thereby boosting the gravity in clusters. We seek to investigate galaxy cluster mass profiles in the context of MOND with the primary aim at explaining the missing mass problem fully without the need for dark matter. Using the assumption that the clusters are in hydrostatic equilibrium, we can compute the dynamical mass of each cluster and compare the result to the predicted mass of the EMOND formalism. We find that EMOND has some success in fitting some clusters, but overall has issues when trying to explain the mass deficit fully. We also investigate an empirical relation to solve the cluster problem, which is found by analysing the cluster data and is based on the MOND paradigm. We discuss the limitations in the text.

17 pages, 22 Figures, Accepted to A&A (In press)

References in corpus (35)

• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• Cosmological Hydrodynamics with Adaptive Mesh Refinement: a new high resolution code called RAMSES
• Relativistic gravitation theory for the MOND paradigm
• Chandra sample of nearby relaxed galaxy clusters: mass, gas fraction, and mass-temperature relation
• Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions
• Modified Newtonian Dynamics as an Alternative to Dark Matter
• Analytical Models For Galactic Nuclei
• The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation of Galaxies with Extended Rotation Curves and the Stellar Mass of Rotating Galaxies
• Modified Newtonian Dynamics in the Milky Way
• Quasi-linear formulation of MOND
• A High Stellar Velocity Dispersion and ~100 Globular Clusters for the Ultra Diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44
• Bimetric MOND gravity
• Clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)
• Galaxies at the extremes: Ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
• The published extended rotation curves of spiral galaxies: Confrontation with Modified Dynamics
• An overmassive Dark Halo around an Ultra-diffuse Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster
• The dark matter halos of massive, relaxed galaxy clusters observed with Chandra
• Resolving the virial discrepancy in clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics
• Rotation curves of UMa galaxies in the context of modified Newtonian dynamics
• X-ray Group and cluster mass profiles in MOND: Unexplained mass on the group scale
• Are sterile neutrinos consistent with clusters, the CMB and MOND?
• Gravitational polarization and the phenomenology of MOND
• Escaping from MOND
• An Alternative to Particle Dark Matter
• Declining rotation curves of galaxies as a test of gravitational theory
• Phantom of RAMSES (POR): A new Milgromian dynamics N-body code
• External field effect of modified Newtonian dynamics in the Solar system
• Coincidences of Dark Energy with Dark Matter -- Clues for a Simple Alternative?
• The abundance of galaxy clusters in MOND: Cosmological simulations with massive neutrinos
• Cosmological simulations in MOND: the cluster scale halo mass function with light sterile neutrinos
• Unifying all mass discrepancies with one effective gravity law?
• A Realistic Cosmology Without Cold Dark Matter
• Dark Fluid: Towards a unification of empirical theories of galaxy rotation, Inflation and Dark Energy
• MOND and the Galaxies
• Dynamics of galaxies and clusters in \textit{refracted gravity}

Cited by in corpus (24)

• From galactic bars to the Hubble tension: weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
• Limit on graviton mass from galaxy cluster Abell 1689
• The gravitational field of X-COP galaxy clusters
• Galaxy Clusters in the Context of Superfluid Dark Matter
• The Escape Velocity Curve of the Milky Way in Modified Newtonian Dynamics
• Probing the radial acceleration relation and the strong equivalence principle with the Coma cluster ultra-diffuse galaxies
• Yet another test of Radial Acceleration Relation for galaxy clusters
• Measuring galaxy cluster mass profiles into the low acceleration regime with galaxy kinematics
• Large Distance Modification of Newtonian Potential and Structure Formation in Universe
• Limit on graviton mass using stacked galaxy cluster catalogs from SPT-SZ, Planck-SZ and SDSS-redMaPPer
• Scaling relations for dark matter core density and radius from Chandra X-ray cluster sample
• Galaxy Cluster A1689 in Modified MOND, MOG and Emergent Gravity
• A Distinct Radial Acceleration Relation across Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters
• Bound on the graviton mass from Chandra X-ray cluster sample
• Galaxy cluster hydrostatic masses using Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation
• Mass-Velocity Dispersion Relation in MaNGA Brightest Cluster Galaxies
• Are Over-massive Haloes of Ultra Diffuse Galaxies Consistent with Extended MOND?
• Testing the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter with the Radial Acceleration Relation in Galaxy Clusters
• Dark Coincidences: Small-Scale Solutions with Refracted Gravity and MOND
• Testing Refracted Gravity with kinematics of galaxy clusters
• The $\kappa$-model under test of the SPARC database
• A Relativistic Tensorial Model for Fractional Interaction between Dark Matter and Gravity
• Examining Baryonic Faber-Jackson Relation in Galaxy Groups
• Machian MOND: a variable $a_0$ in galaxy clusters