Optically Polarized ${}^3$He

Abstract

This article reviews the physics and technology of producing large quantities of highly spin-polarized, or hyperpolarized, ${}^3$He nuclei using spin-exchange (SEOP) and metastability-exchange (MEOP) optical pumping, and surveys applications of polarized ${}^3$He. Several recent developments are emphasized for each method. For SEOP, the use of spectrally narrowed lasers and Rb/K mixtures has substantially increased the achievable polarization and polarizing rate. MEOP in high magnetic fields has likewise significantly increased the pressure at which this method can be performed, and has led to the observation of a light-induced relaxation mechanism. In both methods the increased capabilities have led to more extensive study and modeling of the basic underlying physics. New unexplained dependences of relaxation on temperature and magnetic field have been discovered in SEOP cells. Applications of both methods are also reviewed, including targets for charged particle and photon beams, neutron spin filters, magnetic resonance imaging, and precision measurements.

68 pages, 25 figures, to appear in Reviews of Modern Physics. The introduction has be rewritten, plus changes in response to referee comments

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Cited by in corpus (52)

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• Spin-squeezed states for metrology
• Confined nano-NMR spectroscopy using NV centers
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• Measurement of the absolute neutron beam polarization from a supermirror polarizer and the absolute efficiency of a neutron spin rotator for the NPDGamma experiment using a polarized ${}^3$He neutron spin-filter
• Enhanced Polarization of Low Pressure ${}^3$He through Metastability-Exchange Optical Pumping at High Field
• Gaseous ${}^3$He Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Probe for Cryogenic Environments
• Zero-field spin noise spectrum of an alkali vapor with strong spin-exchange coupling
• Geometrical optimization of spin clusters for the preservation of quantum coherence
• A modular apparatus for use in high-precision measurements of parity violation in polarized eV neutron transmission`
• Suppressing the Decoherence of Alkali-Metal Spins at Low Magnetic Fields
• Nuclear spin relaxation in cold atom-molecule collisions
• Nuclear hyperpolarization of 3He by magnetized plasmas
• Enhanced coupling of electron and nuclear spins by quantum tunneling resonances
• Magnetic-field-independent spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer
• Neutron Polarimetry Using a Polarized 3He Cell for the aCORN Experiment
• A Concept for Polarized ${}^3$He Targets for High Luminosity Scattering Experiments in High Magnetic Field Environments
• Temperature-related effects in the polarization of atoms in a magnetized plasma as a promising feature towards high ${}^3$He nuclear polarization
• Self-driven Hybrid Atomic Spin Oscillator
• Absolute ${}^3$He polarimetry for a double-chambered cell using transmission of thermal neutrons
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• Isotope study of the nonlinear pressure shifts of ${}^{85}$Rb and ${}^{87}$Rb hyperfine resonances in Ar, Kr, and Xe buffer gases
• Metastability exchange optical pumping of ${}^3$He at low pressure and high magnetic field
• Analytic determination of lung microgeometry with gas diffusion magnetic resonance
• Incident beam optics optimization for the single crystal neutron diffractometer Pioneer with a polarized beam option
• Dual-Species Synchronous Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping
• Precision magnetometry at cryogenic temperatures with gaseous 3He NMR probes
• Extended Kalman Smoothing of Free Spin Precession Signals for Accurate Magnetic Field Determination
• Optimal Strategies for Optical Quantum Memories Using Long-Lived Noble-Gas Spins
• Deterministic nuclear spin squeezing and squeezing by continuous measurement using vector and tensor light shifts
• Nuclear Spin Squeezing Based on Spin-Exchange Collisions
• Nuclear spin squeezing by continuous quantum non-demolition measurement: a theoretical study
• Semiclassical Spin Exchange via Temperature-Dependent Transition States
• The Benefits of Spin Polarization for Inertial and Magneto-Inertial Fusion Propulsion
• Highly spin-polarized molecules via collisional microwave pumping