Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in the Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Co:TiO${}_2$

Abstract

Here we present a study of magnetism in \CTO\ anatase films grown by pulsed laser deposition under a variety of oxygen partial pressures and deposition rates. Energy-dispersive spectrometry and transition electron microscopy analyses indicate that a high deposition rate leads to a homogeneous microstructure, while very low rate or postannealing results in cobalt clustering. Depth resolved low-energy muon spin rotation experiments show that films grown at a low oxygen partial pressure ($\approx 10^{-6}$ torr) with a uniform structure are fully magnetic, indicating intrinsic ferromagnetism. First principles calculations identify the beneficial role of low oxygen partial pressure in the realization of uniform carrier-mediated ferromagnetism. This work demonstrates that Co:TiO${}_2$ is an intrinsic diluted magnetic semiconductor.

arXiv comment6 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental Material (not included): 17 pages, 9 Figures

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