Heat dissipation and fluctuations in a driven quantum dot

Abstract

While thermodynamics is a useful tool to describe the driving of large systems close to equilibrium, fluctuations dominate the distribution of heat and work in small systems and far from equilibrium. We study the heat generated by driving a small system and change the drive parameters to analyse the transition from a drive leaving the system close to equilibrium to driving it far from equilibrium. Our system is a quantum dot in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure hosting a two-dimensional electron gas. The dot is tunnel-coupled to one part of the two-dimensional electron gas acting as a heat and particle reservoir. We use standard rate equations to model the driven dot-reservoir system and find excellent agreement with the experiment. Additionally, we quantify the fluctuations by experimentally test the theoretical concept of the arrow of time, predicting our ability to distinguish whether a process goes in the forward or backward drive direction.

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Cited by in corpus (19)

• Reversing the direction of heat flow using quantum correlations
• Thermodynamic uncertainty relations including measurement and feedback
• Autonomous conversion of information to work in quantum dots
• Arrow of Time for Continuous Quantum Measurement
• Detailed Fluctuation Relation for Arbitrary Measurement and Feedback Schemes
• Experimental verification of the work fluctuation-dissipation relation for information-to-work conversion
• Quantum superposition of thermodynamic evolutions with opposing time's arrows
• Quantum Fokker-Planck Master Equation for Continuous Feedback Control
• Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics
• Nanoscale Quantum Calorimetry with Electronic Temperature Fluctuations
• Autonomous demon exploiting heat and information at the trajectory level
• Maxwell's demon across the quantum-to-classical transition
• Asymmetries of thermal processes in open quantum systems
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• Fluctuations of Heat in Driven Two-State Systems: Application to Single-Electron Box with Superconducting Gap
• Precision of an autonomous demon exploiting nonthermal resources and information