Measuring work in quantum many-body systems using a dynamical "work agent"
arXiv:2503.20729 · doi:10.1103/2p33-wy8h
Abstract
We consider a generic quantum many-body system initiated at thermal equilibrium and driven by an external parameter, and discuss the prospect for measuring the work done by the varying parameter on the system. While existing methods are based on a full control of the system's Hamiltonian and are thus limited to few-level quantum systems, measuring work in many-body quantum systems remains challenging. Our approach relies on transforming the external parameter into a dynamical ``work agent", for which we consider an harmonic oscillator in a semiclassical coherent state with a large photon number. We define a work generating function which coincides with the standard two-point measurement protocol for work measurement in the limit of a large photon number. While \emph{in principle} it allows to relate the moments of work to observables of the work agent, we focus on the average work, which is obtained from energy conservation by the change of the energy of the agent, which can be measured using photon number detection. We illustrate this concept on a transmon-microcavity system, which displays various quantum coherent effects including Landau-Zener Stükelberg interference and collapse and revival of Rabi oscillations. We discuss how our setup allows to measure work in a variety of quantum many-body systems.
References in corpus (55)
- Charge insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box
- Fluctuation theorems: Work is not an observable
- Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics with a Spin Qubit
- Work extraction and thermodynamics for individual quantum systems
- Experimental Test of Quantum Jarzynski Equality with a Trapped Ion System
- Experimental reconstruction of work distribution and verification of fluctuation relations at the full quantum level
- The Statistics of the Work Done on a Quantum Critical System by Quenching a Control Parameter
- Dipole coupling of a double quantum dot to a microwave resonator
- Extracting quantum work statistics and fluctuation theorems by single qubit interferometry
- Strong Coupling of a Single Electron in Silicon to a Microwave Photon
- Observing a quantum Maxwell demon at work
- Colloquium: Quantum Batteries
- Measuring the characteristic function of the work distribution
- Strong Coupling Cavity QED with Gate-Defined Double Quantum Dots Enabled by a High Impedance Resonator
- A spin heat engine coupled to a harmonic-oscillator flywheel
- Test of Jarzynski and Crooks fluctuation relations in an electronic system
- Coupling a quantum dot, fermionic leads and a microwave cavity on-chip
- Work measurement as a generalized quantum measurement
- Two-channel Kondo effect and renormalization flow with macroscopic quantum charge states
- Emergent thermodynamics in a quenched quantum many-body system
- Tunable Quantum Criticality and Super-ballistic Transport in a `Charge' Kondo Circuit
- Distribution of Entropy Production in a Single-Electron Box
- Circuit QED using a semiconductor double quantum dot
- Work fluctuations in slow processes: quantum signatures and optimal control
- Using a quantum work meter to test non-equilibrium fluctuation theorems
- Coherent and dissipative dynamics at quantum phase transitions
- Quantum phase transition in a two-channel-Kondo quantum dot device
- Quantum work statistics close to equilibrium
- Work and energy gain of heat-pumped quantized amplifiers
- Assessing the non-equilibrium thermodynamics in a quenched quantum many-body system via single projective measurements
- Work and Quantum Phase Transitions: Is there Quantum Latency?
- Analysis of slow transitions between nonequilibrium steady states
- Fractional entropy of multichannel Kondo systems from conductance-charge relations
- Strong coupling between an electron in a quantum dot circuit and a photon in a cavity
- Quantum Flywheel
- Work statistics across a quantum phase transition
- Quantum simulation of an exotic quantum critical point in a two-site charge Kondo circuit
- Universality and scaling in a charge two-channel Kondo device
- Reversible work extraction in a hybrid opto-mechanical system
- Experimental verification of the work fluctuation-dissipation relation for information-to-work conversion
- Moments of work in the two-point measurement protocol for a driven open quantum system
- Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines
- An autonomous quantum machine to measure the thermodynamic arrow of time
- Equilibrium free energy measurement of a confined electron driven out of equilibrium
- Heat dissipation and fluctuations in a driven quantum dot
- Work-distribution quantumness and irreversibility when crossing a quantum phase transition in finite time
- Observing the universal screening of a Kondo impurity
- Unification of the first law of quantum thermodynamics
- Realistic protocol to measure entanglement at finite temperatures
- Straightforward quantum-mechanical derivation of the Crooks fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality
- Experimental study of quantum thermodynamics using optical vortices
- Two-point measurement of entropy production from the outcomes of a single experiment with correlated photon pairs
- Rydberg ion flywheel for quantum work storage
- A single measurement scheme for quantum work statistics based on coherent or squeezing state
- Entanglement signature in quantum work statistics in the slow-driving regime