Randomness in Quantum Mechanics: Philosophy, Physics and Technology

Abstract

This progress report covers recent developments in the area of quantum randomness, which is an extraordinarily interdisciplinary area that belongs not only to physics, but also to philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and technology. For this reason the article contains three parts that will be essentially devoted to different aspects of quantum randomness, and even directed, although not restricted, to various audiences: a philosophical part, a physical part, and a technological part. For these reasons the article is written on an elementary level, combining very elementary and non-technical descriptions with a concise review of more advanced results. In this way readers of various provenances will be able to gain while reading the article.

27 pages. Comments welcome. Accepted for publication in Reports on Progress in Physics

References in corpus (19)

• Hacking commercial quantum cryptography systems by tailored bright illumination
• Quantum Random Number Generators
• A convergent hierarchy of semidefinite programs characterizing the set of quantum correlations
• Quantum Darwinism
• Experimentally testable state-independent quantum contextuality
• State-independent experimental test of quantum contextuality
• Private Randomness Expansion With Untrusted Devices
• Stronger uncertainty relations for the sum of variances
• Experimental test of quantum contextuality in neutron interferometry
• Local deterministic model of singlet state correlations based on relaxing measurement independence
• Simple and tight device-independent security proofs
• 68 Gbps quantum random number generation by measuring laser phase fluctuations
• Robust random number generation using steady-state emission of gain-switched laser diodes
• The effects of reduced "free will" on Bell-based randomness expansion
• Quantum Theory and Determinism
• Maximally nonlocal theories cannot be maximally random
• Strong experimental guarantees in ultrafast quantum random number generation
• Device-independent randomness extraction for arbitrarily weak min-entropy source
• Is classical reality completely deterministic?

Cited by in corpus (45)

• Challenging local realism with human choices
• Continuous-variable quantum key distribution system: past, present, and future
• Maximal randomness expansion from steering inequality violations using qudits
• A Comprehensive Review of Quantum Random Number Generators: Concepts, Classification and the Origin of Randomness
• 6 Gbps real-time optical quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation
• Thermodynamics as a Consequence of Information Conservation
• Robust self-testing of two-qubit states
• Quantum coherence in a compass chain under an alternating magnetic field
• Efficiency of photonic state tomography affected by fiber attenuation
• Randomness? What randomness?
• Bias-free source-independent quantum random number generator
• A weak form of self-testing
• Representation of binary classification trees with binary features by quantum circuits
• Multi-bit quantum random number generator from a single qubit quantum walk
• Distributed Private Randomness Distillation
• Pseudorandom unitaries are neither real nor sparse nor noise-robust
• Experimental quantum phase discrimination enhanced by controllable indistinguishability-based coherence
• Device-independent certification of maximal randomness from pure entangled two-qutrit states using non-projective measurements
• On the effects of biased quantum random numbers on the initialization of artificial neural networks
• How much randomness can be generated from a quantum black-box device?
• Steering-based randomness certification with squeezed states and homodyne measurements
• Quantum Computing for Discrete Optimization: A Highlight of Three Technologies
• Quantum randomness is chimeric
• Quantifying Superpositions Between Quantum Evolutions
• Generalized measurements on qubits in quantum randomness certification and expansion
• Toppling pencils -- Macroscopic Randomness from Microscopic Fluctuations
• Improving semi-device-independent randomness certification by entropy accumulation
• Quantum Wave Function Collapse for Procedural Content Generation
• Memory effects in a sequence of measurements of non-commuting observables
• The violation of Bell-CHSH inequalities leads to different conclusions depending on the description used
• Quantum value for a family of $I_{3322}$-like Bell functionals
• Generation of Correlated Quantum Random Number Sequences with Bright Twin Beams
• Transformer models as an efficient replacement for statistical test suites to evaluate the quality of random numbers
• Experimental test of measurement dependent local Bell inequality with human free will
• Temporal Bell inequalities in non-relativistic many-body physics
• Four-qubit photonic system for publicly verifiable quantum random numbers and generation of public and private key
• Maximal intrinsic randomness of a quantum state
• SOS decomposition for general Bell inequalities in two qubits systems and its application to quantum randomness
• Squashed quantum non-Markovianity: a measure of genuine quantum non-Markovianity in states
• Non-locality portrayed as a human twins metaphor
• Limitations for private randomness repeaters
• Upper bounds on the leakage of private data and operational approach to markovianity
• Quantum Thermodynamics Allows Quantum Measurement Almost Without Collapse
• Private Weakly-Random Sequences from Human Heart Rate for Quantum Amplification
• Quantum vs. noncontextual semi-device-independent randomness certification