The elusive stellar halo of the Triangulum Galaxy

Abstract

The stellar halos of large galaxies represent a vital probe of the processes of galaxy evolution. They are the remnants of the initial bouts of star formation during the collapse of the proto-galactic cloud, coupled with imprint of ancient and on-going accretion events. Previously, we have reported the tentative detection of a possible, faint, extended stellar halo in the Local Group spiral, the Triangulum Galaxy (M33). However, the presence of substructure surrounding M33 made interpretation of this feature difficult. Here, we employ the final data set from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS), combined with an improved calibration and a newly derived contamination model for the region to revisit this claim. With an array of new fitting algorithms, fully accounting for contamination and the substantial substructure beyond the prominent stellar disk in M33, we reanalyse the surrounds to separate the signal of the stellar halo and the outer halo substructure. Using more robust search algorithms, we do not detect a large scale smooth stellar halo and place a limit on the maximum surface brightness of such a feature of ${\mu }_V$ = 35.5 mags per square arcsec, or a total halo luminosity of $L<10^6{L}_{\odot }$.

17 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (9)

• The Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database
• The Haunted Halos of Andromeda and Triangulum: A panorama of galaxy formation in action
• RR Lyrae Variables in M33. I. Evidence For a Field Halo Population
• The PAndAS Field of Streams: stellar structures in the Milky Way halo toward Andromeda and Triangulum
• Touching The Void: A Striking Drop in Stellar Halo Density Beyond 50 kpc
• The Extended Star Formation History of the Andromeda Spheroid at 35 Kpc on the Minor Axis
• Galactic halo stellar structures in the Triangulum-Andromeda region
• An extended star cluster at the outer edge of the spiral galaxy M33
• Unearthing Foundations of a Cosmic Cathedral: Searching the Stars for M33's Halo

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Orbits of Massive Satellite Galaxies: I. A Close Look at the Large Magellanic Cloud and a New Orbital History for M33
• The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended Region (PHATTER) I. Ultraviolet to Infrared Photometry of 22 Million Stars in M33
• Stellar halos from The Dragonfly Edge-on Galaxies Survey
• The TREX Survey: Kinematical Complexity Throughout M33's Stellar Disk and Evidence for a Stellar Halo
• Simulations of the accreted stellar halos of low-mass field galaxies
• The Astrophysical Distance Scale: V. A 2% Distance to the Local Group Spiral M33 via the JAGB Method, Tip of the Red Giant Branch, and Leavitt Law