Deep HST/STIS Visible-Light Imaging of Debris Systems around Solar Analog Hosts

Abstract

We present new Hubble Space Telescope observations of three a priori known starlight-scattering circumstellar debris systems (CDSs) viewed at intermediate inclinations around nearby close-solar analog stars: HD 207129, HD 202628, and HD 202917. Each of these CDSs possesses ring-like components that are more-massive analogs of our solar system's Edgeworth- Kuiper belt. These systems were chosen for follow-up observations to provide higher-fidelity and better sensitivity imaging for the sparse sample of solar-analog CDSs that range over two decades in systemic ages with HD 202628 and HD 202917 (both ~ 2.3 Gyr) currently the oldest CDSs imaged in visible or near-IR light. These deep (10 - 14 ksec) observations, with six-roll point-spread-function template subtracted visible-light coronagraphy using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, were designed to better reveal their angularly large, diffuse/low surface brightness, debris rings, and for all targets probe their exo-ring environments for starlight-scattering materials that present observational challenges for current ground-based facilities and instruments. Contemporaneously also observing with a narrower occulter position, these observations additionally probe the CDS endo-ring environments seen to be relatively devoid of scatterers. We discuss the morphological, geometrical, and photometric properties of these CDSs also in the context of other FGK-star hosted CDSs we have previously imaged as a homogeneously observed ensemble. From this combined sample we report a general decay in quiescent disk F_disk/F_star optical brightness ~ t^-0.8, similar to what is seen in at thermal IR wavelengths, and CDSs with a significant diversity in scattering phase asymmetries, and spatial distributions of their starlight-scattering grains.

arXiv comment58 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

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