Transiting Planet Candidates Beyond the Snow Line Detected by Visual Inspection of 7557 Kepler Objects of Interest

Abstract

We visually inspected the light curves of 7557 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) to search for single transit events (STEs) possibly due to long-period giant planets. We identified 28 STEs in 24 KOIs, among which 14 events are newly reported in this paper. We estimate the radius and orbital period of the objects causing STEs by fitting the STE light curves simultaneously with the transits of the other planets in the system or with the prior information on the host star density. As a result, we found that STEs in seven of those systems are consistent with Neptune- to Jupiter-sized objects of orbital periods ranging from a few to $\sim$ $20\mathrm{yr}$. We also estimate that $\gtrsim 20\%$ of the compact multi-transiting systems host cool giant planets with periods $\gtrsim 3\mathrm{yr}$ on the basis of their occurrence in the KOIs with multiple candidates, assuming the small mutual inclination between inner and outer planetary orbits.

arXiv comment12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (16)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
• On the Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve
• Architecture and Dynamics of Kepler's Candidate Multiple Transiting Planet Systems
• Architecture of Kepler's Multi-transiting Systems: II. New investigations with twice as many candidates
• Planet Migration and Binary Companions: the case of HD 80606b
• Stellar Limb-Darkening Coefficients for CoRot and Kepler
• PyTransit: Fast and Easy Exoplanet Transit Modelling in Python
• Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. II: Refined Statistical Framework and Descriptions of Systems of Special Interest
• The statistics of multi-planet systems
• Obliquities of Kepler Stars: Comparison of Single- and Multiple-Transit Systems
• The CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets XVII. New and updated long period and massive planets
• The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets. V. Follow-up of ELODIE candidates: Jupiter-analogs around Sun-like stars
• Jupiter as an exoplanet: UV to NIR transmission spectrum reveals hazes, a Na layer and possibly stratospheric H2O-ice clouds
• The Solar Twin Planet Search II. A Jupiter twin around a solar twin

Cited by in corpus (41)

• Exoplanet Statistics and Theoretical Implications
• An Excess of Jupiter Analogs in Super-Earth Systems
• Likely Transiting Exocomets Detected by Kepler
• The population of long-period transiting exoplanets
• An Exomoon Survey of 70 Cool Giant Exoplanets and the New Candidate Kepler-1708 b-i
• The effects of external planets on inner systems: multiplicities, inclinations, and pathways to eccentric warm Jupiters
• Giant planet formation in radially structured protoplanetary discs
• Hiding Planets Behind a Big Friend: Mutual Inclinations of Multi-Planet Systems with External Companions
• Detection of Hundreds of New Planet Candidates and Eclipsing Binaries in K2 Campaigns 0-8
• Effects of Unseen Additional Planetary Perturbers on Compact Extrasolar Planetary Systems
• Eccentricities and Inclinations of Multi-Planet Systems with External Perturbers
• Discovery of three self-lensing binaries from Kepler
• Long-Period Giant Companions to Three Compact, Multiplanet Systems
• Mutual Orbital Inclinations Between Cold Jupiters and Inner Super-Earths
• Measuring the Galactic Distribution of Transiting Planets with WFIRST
• Revisiting the Long-Period Transiting Planets from Kepler
• The TESS-Keck Survey. VIII. Confirmation of a Transiting Giant Planet on an Eccentric 261 day Orbit with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope
• Transiting Planets near the Snow Line from Kepler. I. Catalog
• Kepler-167e as a Probe of the Formation Histories of Cold Giants with Inner Super-Earths
• Towards Detection of Exoplanetary Rings Via Transit Photometry: Methodology and a Possible Candidate
• No Timing Variations Observed in Third Transit of Snow-Line Exoplanet Kepler-421b
• TOI-5678 b: A 48-day transiting Neptune-mass planet characterized with CHEOPS and HARPS
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. I. Confirmation of an Eccentric, Cool Jupiter With an Interior Earth-sized Planet Orbiting Kepler-1514
• Identify Light-Curve Signals with Deep Learning Based Object Detection Algorithm. I. Transit Detection
• A Search for Lost Planets in the Kepler Multi-planet Systems and the Discovery of the Long-period, Neptune-sized Exoplanet Kepler-150 f
• Out-of-Transit Refracted Light in the Atmospheres of Transiting and Non-Transiting Exoplanets
• Near Mean Motion Resonance of Terrestrial Planet Pair Induced by Giant Planet: Application to Kepler-68 System
• Single Transits and Eclipses Observed by K2
• A 16 Hour Transit of Kepler-167 e Observed by the Ground-based Unistellar Telescope Network
• Estimation of singly-transiting K2 planet periods with Gaia parallaxes
• The Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey (PINES) II. Transit Candidates and Implications for Planet Occurrence around L and T Dwarfs
• On the follow-up efforts of long-period transiting planet candidates detected with Gaia astrometry
• Hundreds of new periodic signals detected in the first year of $TESS$ with the $\mathtt{weirddetector}$
• Calibrating the effective magnitudes of type Ia supernovae with a model-independent method
• A Cool Earth-sized Planet Candidate Transiting a Tenth Magnitude K-dwarf From K2
• TOI-1438: A rare system with two short-period sub-Neptunes and a tentative long-period Jupiter-like planet orbiting a K0V star
• Parameter estimation from the transit light curve including gravitational lensing effects
• Exploring Long-period Architectures: Four New Planet Candidates from Kepler with Periods >342 days
• Special cases : moons, rings, comets, trojans
• The Visual Survey Group: A Decade of Hunting Exoplanets and Unusual Stellar Events with Space-Based Telescopes
• The SATCHEL pipeline: A general tool for data classified through citizen science