A census of dense cores in the Taurus L1495 cloud from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey

Abstract

We present a catalogue of dense cores in a $\sim 4^{\circ }\times 2^{\circ }$ field of the Taurus star-forming region, inclusive of the L1495 cloud, derived from Herschel SPIRE and PACS observations in the 70 $\mu$m, 160 $\mu$m, 250 $\mu$m, 350 $\mu$m, and 500 $\mu$m continuum bands. Estimates of mean dust temperature and total mass are derived using modified blackbody fits to the spectral energy distributions. We detect 525 starless cores of which $\sim 10$-20% are gravitationally bound and therefore presumably prestellar. Our census of unbound objects is $\sim 85$% complete for $M>0.015M_{\odot }$ in low density regions ($A_V\stackrel{<}{{}_{\sim }}5$ mag), while the bound (prestellar) subset is $\sim 85$% complete for $M>0.1M_{\odot }$ overall. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) is consistent with lognormal form, resembling the stellar system initial mass function, as has been reported previously. All of the inferred prestellar cores lie on filamentary structures whose column densities exceed the expected threshold for filamentary collapse, in agreement with previous reports. Unlike the prestellar CMF, the unbound starless CMF is not lognormal, but instead is consistent with a power-law form below $0.3M_{\odot }$ and shows no evidence for a low-mass turnover. It resembles previously reported mass distributions for CO clumps at low masses ($M\stackrel{<}{{}_{\sim }}0.3M_{\odot }$). The volume density PDF, however, is accurately lognormal except at high densities. It is consistent with the effects of self-gravity on magnetized supersonic turbulence. The only significant deviation from lognormality is a high-density tail which can be attributed unambiguously to prestellar cores.

arXiv comment17 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (49)

• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory
• The Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance
• From filamentary clouds to prestellar cores to the stellar IMF: Initial highlights from the Herschel Gould Belt survey
• Interstellar Turbulence I: Observations and Processes
• The Stellar IMF from Turbulent Fragmentation
• Characterizing interstellar filaments with Herschel in IC5146
• Herschel view of the Taurus B211/3 filament and striations: Evidence of filamentary growth?
• Analytical theory for the initial mass function: CO clumps and prestellar cores
• Large-Scale Structure of the Molecular Gas in Taurus Revealed by High Linear Dynamic Range Spectral Line Mapping
• The mass function of dense molecular cores and the origin of the IMF
• Probing the evolution of molecular cloud structure: From quiescence to birth
• Cores, filaments, and bundles: hierarchical core formation in the L1495/B213 Taurus region
• On the Star Formation Efficiency of Turbulent Magnetized Clouds
• Tracing the Mass during Low-Mass Star Formation. II. Modelling the Submillimeter Emission from Pre-Protostellar Cores
• The Aquila prestellar core population revealed by Herschel
• What determines the density structure of molecular clouds ? A case study of Orion B with Herschel
• On the Density Distribution in Star-forming Interstellar Clouds
• Scanamorphos: a map-making software for Herschel and similar scanning bolometer arrays
• The initial conditions of isolated star formation - VI. SCUBA mapping of prestellar cores
• The initial conditions of star formation in the Ophiuchus main cloud: Kinematics of the protocluster condensations
• A census of dense cores in the Aquila cloud complex: SPIRE/PACS observations from the Herschel Gould Belt survey
• A multi-scale, multi-wavelength source extraction method: getsources
• On the evolution of the density pdf in strongly self-gravitating systems
• Reconstructing the density and temperature structure of prestellar cores from $Herschel$ data: A case study for B68 and L1689B
• The Mass-Size Relation from Clouds to Cores. II. Solar Neighborhood Clouds
• Unfolding the Laws of Star Formation: The Density Distribution of Molecular Clouds
• The Two States of Star Forming Clouds
• Molecular clouds have power-law probability distribution functions
• Understanding star formation in molecular clouds I. Effects of line-of-sight contamination on the column density structure
• First results from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey in Taurus
• Two Mass Distributions in the L 1641 Molecular Clouds: The Herschel connection of Dense Cores and Filaments in Orion A
• A multi-scale filament extraction method: getfilaments
• The Mass Distributions of Starless and Protostellar Cores in Gould Belt Clouds
• The $AKARI$ Far-Infrared All-Sky Survey Maps
• New Young Star Candidates in the Taurus-Auriga Region as Selected From WISE
• Interferometric Identification of a Pre-Brown Dwarf
• Star formation in the Taurus filament L1495: From Dense Cores to Stars
• Flux Calibration of Broadband Far Infrared and Submillimetre Photometric Instruments: Theory and Application to Herschel-SPIRE
• The dust temperatures of the prestellar cores in the rho Oph main cloud and in other star forming regions: consequences for the core mass function
• The initial conditions of star formation VIII: an observational study of the Ophiuchus cloud L1688 and implications for the prestellar core mass function
• The JCMT Legacy Survey of the Gould Belt: a molecular line study of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud
• A submillimetre survey of the kinematics of the Perseus molecular cloud: I. data
• A measurement of the turbulence-driven density distribution in a non-star-forming molecular cloud
• Properties of Starless and Prestellar Cores in Taurus Revealed by Herschel SPIRE/PACS Imaging
• Filaments in the Lupus molecular clouds
• Brane-Antibrane Backreaction in Axion Monodromy Inflation
• Power-law tails in probability density functions of molecular cloud column density

Cited by in corpus (100)

• Characterizing the properties of nearby molecular filaments observed with Herschel
• The Dawes Review 8: Measuring the Stellar Initial Mass Function
• Properties of the dense core population in Orion B as seen by the Herschel Gould Belt survey
• Gravity drives the evolution of infrared dark hubs: JVLA observations of SDC13
• Transition of the initial mass function in the metal-poor environments
• Filamentary fragmentation in a turbulent medium
• The Herschel view of the dense core population in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud
• The earliest phases of high-mass star formation, as seen in NGC 6334 by \emph{Herschel}
• Synthetic C${}^{18}$O observations of fibrous filaments: the problems of mapping from PPV to PPP
• Prevalence of Complex Organic Molecules in Starless and Prestellar Cores within the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• Probing accretion of ambient cloud material into the Taurus B211/B213 filament
• From diffuse gas to dense molecular cloud cores
• On the formation of density filaments in the turbulent interstellar medium
• The role of molecular filaments in the origin of the prestellar core mass function and stellar initial mass function
• Interstellar filaments and star formation
• Star formation activity and the spatial distribution and mass segregation of dense cores in the early phases of star formation
• Zooming in on Individual Star Formation: Low- and High-mass Stars
• Probing changes of dust properties along a chain of solar-type prestellar and protostellar cores in Taurus with NIKA
• The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Magnetic Fields Associated with a Network of Filaments in NGC 1333
• Understanding star formation in molecular clouds IV. Column density PDFs from quiescent to massive molecular clouds
• The dense cores and filamentary structure of the molecular cloud in Corona Australis. Herschel SPIRE and PACS observations from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey
• A catalogue of dense cores and young stellar objects in the Lupus complex based on Herschel Gould Belt Survey observations
• The Core Mass Function in the Massive Protocluster G286.21+0.17 revealed by ALMA
• Molecular filament formation and filament-cloud interaction: Hints from Nobeyama 45m telescope observations
• Probing fragmentation and velocity sub-structure in the massive NGC 6334 filament with ALMA
• The Physical and chemical structure of Sagittarius B2 -- IV. Converging filaments in the high-mass cluster forming region Sgr B2(N)
• From the CMF to the IMF: Beyond the Core-Collapse Model
• Formation of the Musca filament: Evidence for asymmetries in the accretion flow due to a cloud-cloud collision
• Multiplicity and clustering in Taurus star-forming region. I. Unexpected ultra-wide pairs of high-order multiplicity in Taurus
• The Origin of the Stellar Mass Distribution and Multiplicity
• Physical properties of the ambient medium and of dense cores in the Perseus star-forming region derived from Herschel Gould Belt Survey observations
• ALMA-IMF VI -- Investigating the origin of stellar masses: Core mass function evolution in the W43-MM2&MM3 mini-starburst
• FRagmentation and Evolution of dense cores Judged by ALMA (FREJA). I (Overview). Inner $\sim$1000 au structures of prestellar/protostellar cores in Taurus
• The Mass Accretion Rate and Stellar Properties in Class I Protostars
• On the typical width of Herschel filaments
• Mapping the magnetic field in the Taurus/B211 filamentary cloud with SOFIA HAWC+ and comparing with simulation
• The JCMT and Herschel Gould Belt Surveys: A comparison of SCUBA-2 and Herschel data of dense cores in the Taurus dark cloud L1495
• KFPA Examinations of Young STellar Object Natal Environments (KEYSTONE): Hierarchical Ammonia Structures in Galactic Giant Molecular Clouds
• Structure and Fragmentation of a high line-mass filament: Nessie
• Revealing the diverse magnetic field morphologies in Taurus dense cores with sensitive sub-millimeter polarimetry
• Far-infrared observations of a massive cluster forming in the Monoceros R2 filament hub
• Herschel Gould Belt Survey Observations of Dense Cores in the Cepheus Flare Clouds
• L1495 Revisited: A PPMAP View of a Star-Forming Filament
• The census of dense cores in the Serpens region from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey
• A Survey of CH2DOH Towards Starless and Prestellar Cores in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• Early science with the Large Millimetre Telescope: An LMT/AzTEC 1.1 mm Survey of Dense Cores in the Monoceros R2 Giant Molecular Cloud
• The properties of Planck Galactic cold clumps in the L1495 dark cloud
• Dense gas formation in the Musca filament due to the dissipation of a supersonic converging flow
• The hierarchical fragmentation of filaments and the role of sub-filaments
• Probing the cold magnetized Universe with SPICA-POL (B-BOP)
• The structure and characteristic scales of molecular clouds
• The Green Bank Ammonia Survey: Observations of Hierarchical Dense Gas Structures in Cepheus-L1251
• Determining the presence of characteristic fragmentation length-scales in filaments
• Primordial Mass and Density Segregation in a Young Molecular Cloud
• GASTON: Galactic Star Formation with NIKA2. Evidence for the mass growth of star-forming clumps
• Witnessing the fragmentation of a filament into prestellar cores in Orion B/NGC 2024
• Dense cores and star formation in the giant molecular cloud Vela~C
• Physical and chemical structure of the Serpens filament -- fast formation and gravity-driven accretion
• The straight and isolated G350.54+0.69 filament: density profile and star formation content
• How the power spectrum of dust continuum images may hide the presence of a characteristic filament width
• TRAO Survey of Nearby Filamentary Molecular clouds, the Universal Nursery of Stars (TRAO FUNS) I. Dynamics and Chemistry of L1478 in the California Molecular Cloud
• Prestellar core modeling in the presence of a filament - The dense heart of L1689B
• Two-component Magnetic Field along the Line of Sight to the Perseus Molecular Cloud: Contribution of the Foreground Taurus Molecular Cloud
• J plots: a new method for characterizing structures in the interstellar medium
• Intensity-Corrected Herschel Observations of Nearby Isolated Low-Mass Clouds
• The SEDIGISM survey: Molecular cloud morphology. I. Classification and star formation
• Formation of hub-filament structure triggered by cloud-cloud collision in W33 complex
• The TOP-SCOPE survey of PGCCs: PMO and SCUBA-2 observations of 64 PGCCs in the 2nd Galactic Quadrant
• A centrally concentrated sub-solar mass starless core in the Taurus L1495 filamentary complex
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VI. On the formation of the "L" type filament in G286.21+0.17
• Magnetic Field Structure of Dense Cores using Spectroscopic Methods
• Magnetic fields in star-forming systems (II): examining dust polarization, the Zeeman effect, and the Faraday rotation measure as magnetic field tracers
• The impact of episodic outflow feedback on stellar multiplicity and the star formation efficiency
• Description of turbulent dynamics in the interstellar medium: multifractal/microcanonical analysis I. Application to Herschel observations of the Musca filament
• A PPMAP analysis of the filamentary structures in Ophiuchus L1688 and L1689
• First BISTRO observations of the dark cloud Taurus L1495A-B10: the role of the magnetic field in the earliest stages of low-mass star formation
• Will ALMA Reveal the True Core Mass Function of Protoclusters?
• Modified Bonnor-Ebert spheres with ambipolar diffusion heating
• On filament fragmentation and the impact of ambient environment on it
• Characterization of dense Planck clumps observed with Herschel and SCUBA-2
• Probing the filamentary nature of star formation in the California giant molecular cloud
• A Herschel study of G214.5-1.8: a young, cold and quiescent giant molecular filament on the shell of a HI superbubble
• The Seahorse Nebula: New views of the filamentary infrared dark cloud G304.74+01.32 from SABOCA, Herschel, and WISE
• Cosmic-ray ionisation rate in low-mass cores: the role of the environment
• $Herschel$ investigation of cores and filamentary structures in the Perseus molecular cloud
• Free-floating planetary mass objects in LDN 1495 from Euclid Early Release Observations
• Robustness of Synthetic Observations in Producing Observed Core Properties: Predictions for the TolTEC Clouds to Cores Legacy Survey
• A systematic bias in fitting the surface-density profiles of interstellar filaments
• The evolution of CH in Planck Galactic Cold Clumps
• Star-forming environments in smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics simulations I: Clump extraction and properties
• The JCMT Gould Belt Survey Complete Core Catalogue: Core mass function variations between nearby molecular clouds
• ALMA Datacubes and Continuum Maps of the Irradiated Western Wall in Carina
• A Probabilistic Model to Estimate Number Densities from Column Densities in Molecular Clouds
• A low-mass hub-filament with double centre revealed in NGC2071-North
• Hunting pre-stellar cores with APEX: overview
• Scale-dependent surface and volume density properties of filaments in molecular clouds
• The role of magnetic fields in the fragmentation of the Taurus B213 filament into Sun-type star-forming cores
• On volume density and star formation in nearby molecular clouds
• Description of turbulent dynamics in the interstellar medium: Multifractal microcanonical analysis: II. Sparse filtering of Herschel observation maps and visualization of filamentary structures at different length scales
• NIKA2 observations of dust grain evolution from star-forming filament to T-Tauri disk: Preliminary results from NIKA2 observations of the Taurus B211/B213 filament