Disk-fed giant planet formation

Abstract

Massive giant planets, such as the ones being discovered by direct imaging surveys, likely experience the majority of their growth through a circumplanetary disc. We argue that the entropy of accreted material is determined by boundary layer processes, unlike the "cold-" or "hot-start" hypotheses usually invoked in the core accretion and direct collapse scenarios. A simple planetary evolution model illustrates how a wide range of radius and luminosity tracks become possible, depending on details of the accretion process. Specifically, the proto-planet evolves towards "hot-start" tracks if the scale-height of the boundary layer is $\gtrsim 0.24$, a value not much larger than the scale-height of the circumplanetary disc. Understanding the luminosity and radii of young giant planets will thus require detailed models of circumplanetary accretion.

7 pages, 4 figures, to appear in ApJL

References in corpus (10)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters
• Line and Mean Opacities for Ultracool Dwarfs and Extrasolar Planets
• Models of the in situ formation of detected extrasolar giant planets
• Accreting Protoplanets in the LkCa 15 Transition Disk
• Accretion of Jupiter-mass Planets in the Limit of Vanishing Viscosity
• Accreting Circumplanetary Disks: Observational Signatures
• Accreting planets as dust dams in `transition' discs
• Stellar growth by disk accretion: the effect of disk irradiation on the protostellar evolution
• Cooling of young stars growing by disk accretion

Cited by in corpus (22)

• The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU
• Photoevaporation and High-Eccentricity Migration Created the Sub-Jovian Desert
• Characterization of exoplanets from their formation III: The statistics of planetary luminosities
• On the Terminal Rotation Rates of Giant Planets
• A search for accreting young companions embedded in circumstellar disks: High-contrast H$\alpha$ imaging with VLT/SPHERE
• Evolution of Gas Giant Entropy During Formation by Runaway Accretion
• Effects of the Planetary Temperature on the Circumplanetary Disk and on the Gap
• Thermodynamics of Giant Planet Formation: Shocking Hot Surfaces on Circumplanetary Disks
• Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks II. -- SEDs and Near-Infrared Fluxes
• Shock-driven Accretion in Circumplanetary Disks: Observables and Satellite Formation
• Comparison of planetary Hα-emission models: A new correlation with accretion luminosity
• Hydrogen recombination line luminosities and -variability from forming planets
• On the structure and mass delivery towards circumplanetary discs
• Hot Start Giant Planets Form With Radiative Interiors
• How does the mass and activity history of the host star affect the population of low-mass planets?
• An N-body population synthesis framework for the formation of moons around Jupiter-like planets
• Searching for H${}_{\alpha }$-emitting sources in the gaps of five transitional disks. SPHERE/ZIMPOL high-contrast imaging
• Exoplanet accretion monitoring spectroscopic survey (ENTROPY) I. Evidence for magnetospheric accretion in the young isolated planetary-mass object 2MASS J11151597+1937266
• Using the helium triplet as a tracer of the physics of giant planet outflows
• Monitoring H$\alpha$ Emission from the Wide-orbit Brown-dwarf Companion FU Tau B
• ExoplaNeT accRetion mOnitoring sPectroscopic surveY (ENTROPY) - II. Time series of Balmer line profiles of Delorme 1(AB)b
• Semianalytical Accretion-Tracer Emission: Forming Planets Are Intrinsically Faint