Imaging Microwave and DC Magnetic Fields in a Vapor-Cell Rb Atomic Clock

Abstract

We report on the experimental measurement of the DC and microwave magnetic field distributions inside a recently-developed compact magnetron-type microwave cavity, mounted inside the physics package of a high-performance vapor-cell atomic frequency standard. Images of the microwave field distribution with sub-100 $\mu$m lateral spatial resolution are obtained by pulsed optical-microwave Rabi measurements, using the Rb atoms inside the cell as field probes and detecting with a CCD camera. Asymmetries observed in the microwave field images can be attributed to the precise practical realization of the cavity and the Rb vapor cell. Similar spatially-resolved images of the DC magnetic field distribution are obtained by Ramsey-type measurements. The T2 relaxation time in the Rb vapor cell is found to be position dependent, and correlates with the gradient of the DC magnetic field. The presented method is highly useful for experimental in-situ characterization of DC magnetic fields and resonant microwave structures, for atomic clocks or other atom-based sensors and instrumentation.

23 pages, 9 Figures in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2015

References in corpus (4)

• Evaluating and Minimizing Distributed Cavity Phase Errors in Atomic Clocks
• Imaging of microwave fields using ultracold atoms
• Simple microwave field imaging technique using hot atomic vapor cells
• Imaging Microwave and DC Magnetic Fields in a Vapor-Cell Rb Atomic Clock

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