Are long gamma-ray bursts standard candles?

Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are widely proposed as an effective probe to trace the Hubble diagram of the Universe in high redshift range. However, the calibration of GRBs is not as easy as that of type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Most calibrating methods at present make use one or some of the empirical luminosity correlations, e.g., Amati relation. One of the underlying assumptions of these calibrating methods is that the empirical correlation is universal over all redshifts. In this paper, we check to what extent this assumption holds. Assuming that SNe Ia exactly trace the Hubble diagram of the Universe, we re-investigate the Amati relation for low redshift ($z<1.4$) and high redshift ($z>1.4$) GRBs, respectively. It is found that the Amati relation of low-$z$ GRBs differs from that of high-$z$ GRBs at more than $3\sigma$ confidence level. This result is insensitive to cosmological models. We should be cautious when using Amati relation to reconstruct the Hubble diagram of the Universe.

7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables

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Cited by in corpus (17)

• Cosmology with gamma-ray bursts: I. The Hubble diagram through the calibrated $E_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{i}}$ - $E_{\mathrm{iso}}$ correlation
• Gamma-ray burst prompt correlations: selection and instrumental effects
• Gamma Ray Burst Prompt correlations
• Model-independent distance calibration of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts and constrain on the $\Lambda$CDM model
• The improved Amati correlations from Gaussian copula
• Model-independently calibrating the luminosity correlations of gamma-ray bursts using deep learning
• Reconciling low and high redshift GRB luminosity correlations
• Gamma-ray burst cosmology: Hubble diagram and star formation history
• Constraining Cosmological and Galaxy Parameters using Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems
• Evolutions and Calibrations of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts Luminosity Correlations Revisited
• GRBs and fundamental physics
• Investigating the impact of optical selection effects on observed rest frame prompt GRB properties
• Effect of GRB spectra on the empirical luminosity correlations and the GRB Hubble diagram
• Reconstructing the Hubble diagram of gamma-ray bursts using deep learning
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• Scanning the Universe for Large-Scale Structures using Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The Djorgovski-Gurzadyan dark energy integral equation and the Hubble diagram