Probing the anisotropic expansion from supernovae and GRBs in a model-independent way

Abstract

In this paper, we study the anisotropic expansion of the universe using type Ia supernovae Union 2.1 sample and 116 long gamma-ray bursts. The luminosity distance is expanded with model-independent cosmographic parameters as a function of $z/(1+z)$ directly. Thus the results are independent of cosmology model. We find a dipolar anisotropy in the direction ($l=309.2^{\circ }\pm 15.8^{\circ }$, $b=-8.6^{\circ }\pm 10.5^{\circ }$) in galactic coordinates with a significant evidence $97.29\%$ (more than $2\sigma$). The magnitude is $(1.37\pm 0.57)\times 10^{-3}$ for the dipole, and $(2.6\pm 2.1)\times 10^{-4}$ for the monopole, respectively. This dipolar anisotropy is more significant at low redshift from the redshift tomography analysis. We also test whether this preferred direction is caused by bulk flow motion or dark energy dipolar scalar perturbation. We find that the direction and the amplitude of the bulk flow in our results are approximately consistent with the bulk flow surveys. Therefore, bulk flow motion may be the main reason for the anisotropic expansion at low redshift, but the effect of dipolar distribution dark energy can not be excluded, especially at high redshift.

arXiv comment17 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (51)

• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• The Hubble Space Telescope Cluster Supernova Survey: V. Improving the Dark Energy Constraints Above z>1 and Building an Early-Type-Hosted Supernova Sample
• Jerk, snap, and the cosmological equation of state
• A high resolution foreground cleaned CMB map from WMAP
• Indications of a spatial variation of the fine structure constant
• Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE DMR First-Year Sky Maps
• Dark Energy Anisotropic Stress and Large Scale Structure Formation
• Consistently Large Cosmic Flows on Scales of 100 Mpc/h: a Challenge for the Standard LCDM Cosmology
• Vector Field Models of Inflation and Dark Energy
• Cosmic flows in the nearby universe from Type Ia Supernovae
• Spatial variation in the fine-structure constant -- new results from VLT/UVES
• The Dipole Observed in the COBE DMR Four-Year Data
• Probing the anisotropic local universe and beyond with SNe Ia data
• Cosmic Flows on 100 Mpc/h Scales: Standardized Minimum Variance Bulk Flow, Shear and Octupole Moments
• A Cosmology-Independent Calibration of Gamma-Ray Burst Luminosity Relations and the Hubble Diagram
• Mapping extreme-scale alignments of quasar polarization vectors
• Streaming motions of galaxy clusters within 12000 km/s - V. The peculiar velocity field
• (An)isotropy of the Hubble diagram: comparing hemispheres
• Searching for a Cosmological Preferred Axis: Union2 Data Analysis and Comparison with Other Probes
• Accelerating Cosmologies with an Anisotropic Equation of State
• Power asymmetry in WMAP and Planck temperature sky maps as measured by a local variance estimator
• Observational Constraints on Cosmological Models with the Updated Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Dipole of the luminosity distance: a direct measure of H(z)
• Is there Correlation between Fine Structure and Dark Energy Cosmic Dipoles?
• Low-order multipole maps of CMB anisotropy derived from WMAP
• Testing the Isotropy of the Universe with Type Ia Supernovae
• Measuring cosmic bulk flows with Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory
• Cosmological Constraints from Type Ia Supernovae Peculiar Velocity Measurements
• The updated luminosity correlations of gamma-ray bursts and cosmological implications
• Constraining the Anisotropic Expansion of Universe
• Testing GRBs as Standard Candles
• Probing the cosmographic parameters to distinguish between dark energy and modified gravity models
• Direction Dependence of the Deceleration Parameter
• The peculiar velocity field: constraining the tilt of the Universe
• CMB Maximum Temperature Asymmetry Axis: Alignment with Other Cosmic Asymmetries
• Searching for a preferred direction with Union2.1 data
• On the Possibility of Anisotropic Curvature in Cosmology
• Constraints on Cosmological Anisotropy out to z=1 from Supernovae Ia
• Does the Universe Accelerate Equally in all Directions?
• The axis of evil - a polarization perspective
• Current Status Of Velocity Field Surveys: A Consistency Check
• Measuring dark energy spatial inhomogeneity with supernova data
• Direction Dependent Non-gaussianity in High-z Supernova Data
• Cosmography: Extracting the Hubble series from the supernova data
• Direction Dependence in Supernova Data: Constraining Isotropy
• Weak gravitational lensing effects on cosmological parameters and dark energy from gamma-ray bursts
• Studying the Peculiar Velocity Bulk Flow in a Sparse Survey of Type-Ia SNe
• Extensive search for bias in SNIa data
• Probing Dark Energy Inhomogeneities with Supernovae
• $\Lambda$CDM model with a scalar perturbation vs. preferred direction of the universe

Cited by in corpus (40)

• Gamma-ray Burst Cosmology
• Probing the isotropy of cosmic acceleration traced by Type Ia supernovae
• Measuring dark energy with the $E_{\mathrm{iso}}-E_{\mathrm{p}}$ correlation of gamma-ray bursts using model-independent methods
• Probing cosmic anisotropy with gravitational waves as standard sirens
• Probing Cosmological Isotropy With Type IA Supernovae
• Testing the isotropy of the Universe by using the JLA compilation of type-Ia supernovae
• Multipole decomposition of the general luminosity distance 'Hubble law' -- a new framework for observational cosmology
• Anisotropy of the Universe via the Pantheon supernovae sample revisited
• The significance of anisotropic signals hiding in the type Ia supernovae
• High-redshift cosmography: Application and comparison with different methods
• Exploring the evidence for a large local void with supernovae Ia data
• Testing the isotropy of the Universe with type Ia supernovae in a model-independent way
• Calibrating Gamma-Ray Bursts by Using a Gaussian Process with Type Ia Supernovae
• Constraining the anisotropy of the Universe via Pantheon supernovae sample
• The deceleration parameter in `tilted' Friedmann universes
• Testing the anisotropy of cosmic acceleration from Pantheon supernovae sample
• Model-independent distance calibration of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts and constrain on the $\Lambda$CDM model
• Testing cosmic anisotropy with Pantheon sample and quasars at high redshifts
• Bianchi Type I model of universe with customized scale factors
• Testing the Cosmic Anisotropy with Supernovae Data: Hemisphere Comparison and Dipole Fitting
• Are long gamma-ray bursts standard candles?
• Cosmological Constant, Fine Structure Constant and Beyond
• The deceleration parameter in `tilted' universes: generalising the Friedmann background
• Searching for a Cosmological Preferred Axis in complicated class of cosmological models:Case study $f(R,T)$ model
• A tomographic test of cosmological principle using the JLA compilation of type Ia supernovae
• Universe opacity and Type Ia supernova dimming
• The cosmological bulk flow in QCDM model: (In)consistency with $\Lambda CDM$
• Cosmic Anisotropy and Fast Radio Bursts
• Probing the isotropy of cosmic acceleration using different supernova samples
• Testing cosmic anisotropy with Pade approximation and Pantheon+ sample
• Cosmography of the Local Universe by Multipole Analysis of the Expansion Rate Fluctuation Field
• Consistency of Pantheon+ supernovae with a large-scale isotropic universe
• Anisotropic universe with anisotropic dark energy
• Searching for Cosmological Preferred Axis using cosmographic approach
• Effect of low anisotropy on cosmological models by using supernova data
• Probing the Cosmological Principle with weak lensing shear
• The Two-Point Correlation Function of Gamma-ray Bursts
• Expanding covariant cosmography of the local Universe: incorporating the snap and axial symmetry
• New Constraints on Anisotropic Expansion from Supernovae Type Ia
• Measuring cosmic dipole with the GRB luminosity-time relation