Thermal Diagnostics with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory: A Validated Method for Differential Emission Measure Inversions

Abstract

We present a new method for performing differential emission measure (DEM) inversions on narrow-band EUV images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The method yields positive definite DEM solutions by solving a linear program. This method has been validated against a diverse set of thermal models of varying complexity and realism. These include (1) idealized gaussian DEM distributions, (2) 3D models of NOAA Active Region 11158 comprising quasi-steady loop atmospheres in a non-linear force-free field, and (3) thermodynamic models from a fully-compressible, 3D MHD simulation of AR corona formation following magnetic flux emergence. We then present results from the application of the method to AIA observations of Active Region 11158, comparing the region's thermal structure on two successive solar rotations. Additionally, we show how the DEM inversion method can be adapted to simultaneously invert AIA and XRT data, and how supplementing AIA data with the latter improves the inversion result. The speed of the method allows for routine production of DEM maps, thus facilitating science studies that require tracking of the thermal structure of the solar corona in time and space.

arXiv comment21 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (27)

• The stellar atmosphere simulation code Bifrost
• Alfven Wave Solar Model (AWSoM): Coronal Heating
• Evolution of Magnetic Field and Energy in A Major Eruptive Active Region Based on SDO/HMI Observation
• Differential Emission Measures from the Regularized Inversion of Hinode and SDO data
• Hydromagnetic turbulence in computer simulations
• A Systematic Survey of High Temperature Emission in Solar Active Regions
• An Ab Initio approach to Solar Coronal Loops
• Solar Corona Loop Studies with AIA: I. Cross-Sectional Temperature Structure
• Numerical simulations of active region scale flux emergence: From spot formation to decay
• Coronal heating through braiding of magnetic field lines
• On red shifs in the transition region and corona
• Intermittent heating in the solar corona employing a 3D MHD model
• Photometric and Thermal Cross-calibration of Solar EUV Instruments
• Constant cross section of loops in the solar corona
• Using Coronal Loops to Reconstruct the Magnetic Field of an Active Region Before and After a Major Flare
• Fast Differential Emission Measure Inversion of Solar Coronal Data
• On the Accuracy of the Differential Emission Measure Diagnostics of Solar Plasmas. Application to AIA/SDO. Part II: Multithermal plasmas
• Forward modeling of emission in SDO/AIA passbands from dynamic 3D simulations
• A model for the formation of the active region corona driven by magnetic flux emergence
• On the Accuracy of the Differential Emission Measure Diagnostics of Solar Plasmas. Application to AIA/SDO. Part I: Isothermal plasmas
• Can the Differential Emission Measure constrain the timescale of energy deposition
• Sparse inversion of Stokes profiles. I. Two-dimensional Milne-Eddington inversions
• Investigating the reliability of coronal emission measure distribution diagnostics using 3D radiative MHD simulations
• EUV spectral line formation and the temperature structure of active region fan loops: observations with Hinode/EIS and SDO/AIA
• On Anisotropy in Expansion of Magnetic Flux Tubes in the Solar Corona
• Compressive Sensing for Spectroscopy and Polarimetry
• Signal detection for spectroscopy and polarimetry

Cited by in corpus (167)

• Flare-productive active regions
• Solar UV and X-Ray Spectral Diagnostics
• Extension of the MURaM radiative MHD code for coronal simulations
• Extreme UV quiet Sun brightenings observed by Solar Orbiter/EUI
• Observations of Turbulent Magnetic Reconnection Within a Solar Current Sheet
• The Multi-slit Approach to Coronal Spectroscopy with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE)
• Microflare Heating of a Solar Active Region Observed with NuSTAR, Hinode/XRT, and SDO/AIA
• The High-Resolution Coronal Imager, Flight 2.1
• The Solar Upper Transition Region Imager (SUTRI) onboard the SATech-01 satellite
• Accelerated electrons observed down to <7 keV in a NuSTAR solar microflare
• The spectral content of SDO/AIA 1600 and 1700 Å filters from flare and plage observations
• Quasiperiodic Energy Release and Jets at the Base of Solar Coronal Plumes
• A Truly Global Extreme Ultraviolet Wave from the SOL2017-09-10 X8.2+ Solar Flare-Coronal Mass Ejection
• An Observationally-Constrained Model of a Flux Rope that Formed in the Solar Corona
• Pre-Eruptive Magnetic Reconnection within a Multi-Flux-Rope System in the Solar Corona
• IRIS observations of short-term variability in moss associated with transient hot coronal loops
• Coronal Quasi-periodic Fast-mode Propagating Wave Trains
• First Unambiguous Imaging of Large-Scale Quasi-Periodic Extreme-Ultraviolet Wave or Shock
• Ultra-high-resolution Observations of Persistent Null-point Reconnection in the Solar Corona
• Extreme-ultraviolet bursts and nanoflares in the quiet-Sun transition region and corona
• Coronal microjets in quiet-Sun regions observed with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager onboard Solar Orbiter
• Quasi-periodic Counter-propagating Fast Magnetosonic Wave Trains from Neighboring Flares: SDO/AIA Observations and 3D MHD Modeling
• Plasma Heating Induced by Tadpole-Like Downflows in the Flaring Solar Corona
• Plasma diagnostics of coronal dimming events
• A Comprehensive Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation of Active Region Scale Flux Emergence from the Convection Zone to the Corona
• WISPR Imaging of a Pristine CME
• A Fast, Simple, Robust Algorithm for Coronal Temperature Reconstruction
• Multi-scale observations of thermal non-equilibrium cycles in coronal loops
• Three-dimensional Propagation of the Global EUV Wave associated with a solar eruption on 2021 October 28
• Multi-component Decomposition of Astronomical Spectra by Compressed Sensing
• Witnessing a Large-scale Slipping Magnetic Reconnection along a Dimming Channel during a Solar Flare
• Thermodynamical Evolution of Supra-Arcade Downflows
• Global Energetics of Solar Flares: IV. Coronal Mass Ejection Energetics
• Formation of the helium EUV resonance lines
• Sun-as-a-star Spectral Irradiance Observations of Transiting Active Regions
• Generation mechanisms of quasi-parallel and quasi-circular flare ribbons in a confined flare
• Coronal Mass Ejections and Dimmings: A Comparative Study using MHD Simulations and SDO Observations
• Large-amplitude quasi-periodic pulsations as evidence of impulsive heating in hot transient loop systems detected in the EUV with SDO/AIA
• Complete replacement of magnetic flux in a flux rope during a coronal mass ejection
• Two-Phase Heating in Flaring Loops
• External reconnection and resultant reconfiguration of overlying magnetic fields during sympathetic eruptions of two filaments
• Traveling kink oscillations of coronal loops launched by a solar flare
• The Slowly Varying Corona: I --- Daily Differential Emission Measure Distributions Derived from EVE Spectra
• Quantifying the relationship between Moreton-Ramsey waves and "EIT waves" using observations of 4 homologous wave events
• A Modified Spheromak Model Suitable for Coronal Mass Ejection Simulations
• Observations of instability-driven nanojets
• Miniature loops in the solar corona
• Properties of Flare-Imminent versus Flare-Quiet Active Regions from the Chromosphere through the Corona II: NonParametric Discriminant Analysis Results from the NWRA Classification Infrastructure (NCI)
• Pre-eruption processes: heating, particle acceleration and the formation of a hot channel before the 2012 October 20 M9.0 limb flare
• Why "solar tsunamis" rarely leave their imprints in the chromosphere
• Impulsive coronal heating from large-scale magnetic rearrangements: from IRIS to SDO/AIA
• Unfolding overlapped slitless imaging spectrometer data for extended sources
• The Rotation of Magnetic Flux Rope Formed during Solar Eruption
• Temperature in Solar Sources of 3He-rich Solar Energetic Particles and Relation to Ion Abundances
• Prevalence of Thermal Non-Equilibrium over an Active Region
• Heating at the remote footpoints as a brake on jet flows along loops in the solar atmosphere
• Transverse oscillation of a coronal loop induced by a flare-related jet
• Non-equilibrium ionization effects on solar EUV and X-ray imaging observations
• Imaging and spectroscopic observations of extreme-ultraviolet brightenings using EUI and SPICE on board Solar Orbiter
• The First Flight of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS)
• SITES: Solar Iterative Temperature Emission Solver for differential emission measure inversion of EUV observations
• Magnetic loops above a small flux-emerging region observed by IRIS, Hinode and SDO
• Formation of solar quiescent coronal loops through magnetic reconnection in an emerging active region
• Diagnosing a Solar Flaring Core with Bidirectional Quasi-Periodic Fast Propagating Magnetoacoustic Waves
• Broadening of the DEM by multi-shelled and turbulent loops
• Kink Oscillation of a Flux Rope During a Failed Solar Eruption
• Multi-stage reconnection powering a solar coronal jet
• Gyroresonance and free-free radio emissions from multi-thermal multi-component plasma
• 30-min Decayless Kink Oscillations in a Very Long Bundle of Solar Coronal Plasma Loops
• Solar Active Region Heating Diagnostics from High Temperature Emission using the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS)
• Thermodynamic Evolution of Solar Flare Supra-arcade Downflows
• Dynamic Processes of the Moreton Wave on 2014 March 29
• The high helium abundance and charge states of the interplanetary CME and its material source on the Sun
• The Evolution of Magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor Unstable Plumes and Hybrid KH-RT Instability into A Loop-like Eruptive Prominence
• How eruptions of a small filament feed materials to a nearby larger-scaled filament
• Power-law Distribution of Solar-Cycle Modulated Coronal Jets
• Signatures of the non-Maxwellian $\kappa$-distributions in optically thin line spectra. II. Synthetic Fe XVII--XVIII X-ray coronal spectra and predictions for the Marshall Grazing-Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS)
• Localised acceleration of energetic particles by a weak shock in the solar corona
• Soft X-ray Spectral Diagnostics of Multi-thermal Plasma in Solar Flares with Chandrayaan-2 XSM
• The Solar Minimum Eclipse of 2019 July 2. III. Inferring the Coronal $T_e$ with a Radiative Differential Emission Measure Inversion
• Multi-wavelength observations by XSM, Hinode and SDO of an active region. Chemical abundances and temperatures
• Heating and Eruption of a Solar Circular Ribbon Flare
• An ultra-long and quite thin coronal loop without significant expansion
• Electron Densities in the Solar Corona Measured Simultaneously in the Extreme-Ultraviolet and Infra-Red
• Diagnostic of Homologous Solar Surge Plasma as observed by IRIS and SDO
• Extreme-Ultraviolet Wave and Accompanying Loop Oscillations
• Properties of Flare-Imminent versus Flare-Quiet Active Regions from the Chromosphere through the Corona I: Introduction of the AIA Active Region Patches (AARPs)
• Exploring the Limits of Synthetic Creation of Solar EUV Images via Image-to-Image Translation
• The First Survey of Quiet Sun Features Observed in Hard X-Rays With NuSTAR
• Two-step evolution of a rising flux rope resulting in a confined solar flare
• Transient Formation of Loops in the Core of an Active Region
• A Statistical Study of IRIS Observational Signatures of Nanoflares and Non-thermal Particles
• Temporal evolution of oscillating coronal loops
• Robust construction of differential emission measure profiles using a regularized maximum likelihood method
• Coronal Density and Temperature Profiles Calculated by Forward Modeling EUV Emission Observed by SDO/AIA
• Sparse reconstruction of electric fields from radial magnetic data
• Mass motion in a prominence bubble revealing a kinked flux rope configuration
• Large-Scale Vortex Motion and Multiple Plasmoid Ejection Due to Twisting Prominence Threads and Associated Reconnection
• A formation mechanism for the large plumes in the prominence
• Plasma heating and nanoflare caused by slow-mode wave in a coronal loop
• Spectroscopic and imaging observations of transient hot and cool loops by IRIS and SDO
• Energy estimation of small-scale jets from the quiet-Sun region
• Reconnection generated plasma flows in the quasi-separatrix layer in localised solar corona
• An investigation of flare emissions at multiple wavelengths
• Sparse Bayesian Inference and the Temperature Structure of the Solar Corona
• A novel inversion method to determine the coronal magnetic field including the impact of bound-free absorption
• Coronal Loops with Different Metallicities and Generalized RTV Scaling Laws
• On the Response of the Transition Region and the Corona to Rapid Excursions in the Chromosphere
• Non-equilibrium Ionization Modeling of Petschek-type Shocks in Reconnecting Current Sheets in Solar Eruptions
• Evolution of dynamic fibrils from the cooler chromosphere to the hotter corona
• A Hot Cusp-Shaped Confined Solar Flare
• Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Coronal Plasma Properties from a Single Perspective
• Formation of a tiny flux rope in the center of an active region driven by magnetic flux emergence, convergence, and cancellation
• Sigmoid Formation Through Slippage of A Single J-shaped Coronal Loop
• Thermodynamic evolution of a sigmoidal active region with associated flares
• GRID-SITES: Gridded Solar Iterative Temperature Emission Solver for Fast DEM Inversion
• Thermal and Non-Thermal Properties of Active Region Recurrent Coronal Jets
• Multi-instrument Comparative Study of Temperature, Number Density, and Emission Measure during the Precursor Phase of a Solar Flare
• Statistical Investigation of the Kinematic and Thermal Properties of Supra-arcade Downflows Observed During a Solar Flare
• Enhanced Non-Thermal Line Broadening inside Coronal Cavities above Solar Prominences revealed by Spectral Imaging CoronaGraph
• Dark Halos around Solar Active Regions. I. Emission properties of the Dark Halo around NOAA 12706
• Effects of supra-arcade downflows interacting with the post-flare arcade
• Evolution of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in the Fan-Spine Topology
• The Missing Cool Corona in the Flat Magnetic Field around Solar Active Regions
• The Application of the Filtered Backprojection Algorithm to Solar Rotational Tomography
• Temperature and differential emission measure evolution of a limb flare on 13 January 2015
• An Atypical Plateau-like Extreme-ultraviolet Late-phase Solar Flare Driven by the Non-radial Eruption of a Magnetic Flux Rope
• Flare Expansion to a Magnetic Rope Accompanied by Rare Radio Bursts
• Compound eruptions of twin flux ropes in a solar active region
• Statistical Investigation of the Widths of Supra-arcade Downflows Observed During a Solar Flare
• Emerging Dimming as Coronal Heating Episodes
• Sustained heating of the chromosphere and transition region over a sunspot light bridge
• Implications for additional plasma heating driving the extreme-ultraviolet late phase of a solar flare with microwave imaging spectroscopy
• Global Coronal Plasma Diagnostics Based on Multi-slit EUV Spectroscopy
• Flare-accelerated Electrons in the Kappa Distribution from X-Ray Spectra with the Warm-Target Model
• Optical optimization of a multi-slit extreme ultraviolet spectrograph for global solar corona diagnostics
• Study of transverse oscillations in coronal loops excited by flares and eruptions
• Origin of Unusual Composition of 3He-Rich Solar Energetic Particles
• Evidence of Extreme Ultraviolet Resonant Excitation in the Middle Corona During A Solar Flare
• Active Region Irradiance During Quiescent Periods: New Insights from Sun-as-a-star Spectra
• Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Thermal Modelling of Observed Loops
• Helical flows along coronal loops following the launch of a coronal mass ejection
• Probing the Density Fine Structuring of the Solar Corona with Comet Lovejoy
• The Observations of Magnetic Reconnection During the Interaction Process of Two Active Region Filaments
• Shock-Cloud Interaction in the Solar Corona
• Modeling the Excitation, Propagation and Damping of Quasi-Periodic Fast Magnetosonic Waves in Realistic Coronal Active Region Magnetic Field Structures
• RESIK and RHESSI observations of the 20 September 2002 flare
• Solar Observation with MeerKAT: Demonstration of Technical Readiness and Initial Science Highlight
• Multi-wavelength and Dual-perspective Observations of Eruption and Untwisting of Two Homologous Magnetic Flux Ropes
• Synthesising Solar Radio Images From Atmospheric Imaging Assembly Extreme-Ultraviolet Data
• Parameter effects on the total intensity of H I Lyα line for a modelled coronal mass ejection and its driven shock
• Resolving Two Distinct Thermal X-ray Components in A compound Solar Flare
• On the Relationship between Solar Spicules and Propagating Coronal Disturbances: The Role of Shocks
• Falling Threads During Solar Filament Eruptions
• Multi-Viewpoint Observation of a Failed Prominence Eruption on the Sun
• Measuring relative abundances in the solar corona with optimised linear combinations of spectral lines
• A sudden fine-scale bright kernel captured by Hi-C Flare in 11 MK emission during an M1.6-class solar flare's post-maximum phase
• Energy-Containing Electrons in Solar Flares: Improving Hard X-Ray and EUV Diagnostics
• Quasiperiodic Slipping Motion of Flare Ribbon Fine Structures Anchored in a Sunspot Light Bridge
• An Approximate Bayesian Deep Learning Approach for Uncertainty-aware Differential Emission Measure Estimates in the Solar Corona from the SDO
• Microwave Imaging Spectroscopy Diagnosis of the Slow-rise Precursor of a Major Solar Eruption
• Non-thermal Sources from Stereoscopic Hard X-ray and Earth-based Microwave Observations in a Data-Constrained Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation
• Extreme-ultraviolet Late Phase in Homologous Solar Flares from a Complex Active Region
• SolO/EUI Observations of Ubiquitous Fine-scale Bright Dots in an Emerging Flux Region: Comparison with a Bifrost MHD Simulation
• X-ray fine structure of a limb solar flare revealed by Insight-HXMT, RHESSI and Fermi
• Parallel plasma loops and the energization of the solar corona
• Fine Structures of Tiny Quiet Sun Jets Observed by Solar Orbiter and Big Bear Solar Observatory