A comparison of gyrochronological and isochronal age estimates for transiting exoplanet host stars

Abstract

Previous studies suggest that tidal interactions may be responsible for discrepancies between the ages of exoplanet host stars estimated using stellar models (isochronal ages) and age estimates based on the stars' rotation periods (gyrochronological ages). We have compiled a sample of 28 transiting exoplanet host stars with measured rotation periods. We use a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to determine the joint posterior distribution for the mass and age of each star in the sample, and extend this method to include a calculation of the posterior distribution of the gyrochronological age. The gyrochronological age (${\tau }_{\mathrm{gyro}}$) is significantly less than the isochronal age for about half of the stars in our sample. Tidal interactions between the star and planet are a reasonable explanation for this discrepancy in some cases, but not all. The distribution of ${\tau }_{\mathrm{gyro}}$ values is evenly spread from very young ages up to a maximum value of a few Gyr. There is no clear correlation between ${\tau }_{\mathrm{gyro}}$ and the strength of the tidal force on the star due to the innermost planet. There is clear evidence that the isochronal ages for some K-type stars are too large, and this may also be the case for some G-type stars. This may be the result of magnetic inhibition of convection. There is currently no satisfactory explanation for the discrepancy between the young age for CoRoT-2 estimated from either gyrochronology or its high lithium abundance, and the extremely old age for its K-type stellar companion inferred from its very low X-ray flux. There is now strong evidence that the gyrochronological ages of some transiting exoplanet host stars are significantly less than their isochronal ages, but it is not always clear that this is good evidence for tidal interactions between the star and the planet.

arXiv comment11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (64)

• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• The WASP Project and the SuperWASP Cameras
• On the Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve
• Ages for illustrative field stars using gyrochronology: viability, limitations and errors
• Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves
• Tidal dissipation in stars and giant planets
• HAT-P-11b: A Super-Neptune Planet Transiting a Bright K Star in the Kepler Field
• Evolution of low-mass star and brown dwarf eclipsing binaries
• Fundamental Properties of Kepler Planet-Candidate Host Stars using Asteroseismology
• Improved spectroscopic parameters for transiting planet hosts
• On the Correlation between the Magnetic Activity Levels, the Metallicities and the Radii of Low-Mass Stars
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. III. Additional planets and stellar models
• Time scales of Li evolution: a homogeneous analysis of open clusters from ZAMS to late-MS
• A spin-down clock for cool stars from observations of a 2.5-billion-year-old cluster
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: IV. Confirmation of 4 Multiple Planet Systems by Simple Physical Models
• Stellar Diameters and Temperatures III. Main Sequence A, F, G, & K Stars: Additional high-precision measurements and empirical relations
• Starspots, spin-orbit misalignment, and active latitudes in the HAT-P-11 exoplanetary system
• Alignment of the stellar spin with the orbits of a three-planet system
• The radius discrepancy in low mass stars: single vs. binaries
• Starspots and spin-orbit alignment in the WASP-4 exoplanetary system
• Angular Momentum Loss from Cool Stars: An Empirical Expression and Connection to Stellar Activity
• How Good a Clock is Rotation? The Stellar Rotation-Mass-Age Relationship for Old Field Stars
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. V. New results for 38 planets
• Magnetic Inhibition of Convection and the Fundamental Properties of Low-Mass Stars. I. Stars with a Radiative Core
• HAT-P-20b--HAT-P-23b: Four Massive Transiting Extrasolar Planets
• Kepler-63b: A Giant Planet in a Polar Orbit around a Young Sun-like Star
• Asteroseismic Investigation of Known Planet Hosts in the Kepler Field
• Three sub-Jupiter-mass planets: WASP-69b & WASP-84b transit active K dwarfs and WASP-70Ab transits the evolved primary of a G4+K3 binary
• Empirical evidence for tidal evolution in transiting planetary systems
• WASP-41b: A transiting hot Jupiter planet orbiting a magnetically-active G8V star
• Bayesian analysis of ages, masses, and distances to cool stars with non-LTE spectroscopic parameters
• Transits and starspots in the WASP-19 planetary system
• Transit timing variations in WASP-10b induced by stellar activity?
• New and updated stellar parameters for 90 transit hosts. The effect of the surface gravity
• Indications for an influence of Hot Jupiters on the rotation and activity of their host stars
• Dynamical Tides in Rotating Planets and Stars
• The Rotation Period of the Planet-Hosting Star HD 189733
• WASP-44b, WASP-45b and WASP-46b: three short-period, transiting extrasolar planets
• Estimating stellar rotation from starspot detection during planetary transits
• Physical properties, transmission and emission spectra of the WASP-19 planetary system from multi-colour photometry
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission IV: CoRoT-Exo-4b: A transiting planet in a 9.2 day synchronous orbit
• WASP-77 Ab: A transiting hot Jupiter planet in a wide binary system
• WASP-10b: a 3M_J, gas-giant planet transiting a late-type K star
• Hot Jupiters and the evolution of stellar angular momentum
• Photospheric activity, rotation, and radial velocity variations of the planet-hosting star CoRoT-7
• Revisiting the transits of CoRoT-7b at a lower activity level
• Kepler and Ground-based Transits of the Exo-Neptune HAT-P-11b
• Bayesian mass and age estimates for transiting exoplanet host stars
• Discrepancies between isochrone fitting and gyrochronology for exoplanet host stars?
• Evolution of angular-momentum-losing exoplanetary systems : Revisiting Darwin stability
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission IX. CoRoT-6b: a transiting `hot Jupiter' planet in an 8.9d orbit around a low-metallicity star
• Physical properties, starspot activity, orbital obliquity, and transmission spectrum of the Qatar-2 planetary system from multi-colour photometry
• Stellar rotation--planetary orbit period commensurability in the HAT-P-11 system
• HATS-2b: A transiting extrasolar planet orbiting a K-type star showing starspot activity
• Primordial Helium And the Cosmic Background Radiation
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XIII. CoRoT-13b: a dense hot Jupiter in transit around a star with solar metallicity and super-solar lithium content
• WASP-50b: a hot Jupiter transiting a moderately active solar-type star
• The corona and companion of CoRoT-2A. Insights from X-rays and optical spectroscopy
• An extremely high photometric precision in ground-based observations of two transits in the WASP-50 planetary system
• A SuperWASP search for additional transiting planets in 24 known systems
• Radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of surface convection in low-mass stars: connections to stellar structure and asteroseismology
• The effects of metallicity on the Galactic disk population of white dwarfs

Cited by in corpus (68)

• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets
• Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems
• Tidal dissipation in evolving low-mass and solar-type stars with predictions for planetary orbital decay
• Hot Jupiters are Destroyed by Tides While Their Host Stars are on the Main Sequence
• Magnetic games between a planet and its host star: the key role of topology
• A Preponderance of Perpendicular Planets
• Magnetic cycles at different ages of stars
• Far-Ultraviolet Activity Levels of F, G, K, and M dwarf Exoplanet Host Stars
• WASP-South transiting exoplanets: WASP-130b, WASP-131b, WASP-132b, WASP-139b, WASP-140b, WASP-141b & WASP-142b
• From dense hot Jupiter to low-density Neptune: The discovery of WASP-127b, WASP-136b and WASP-138b
• Hierarchical Bayesian calibration of tidal orbit decay rates among hot Jupiters
• Radii, masses, and ages of 18 bright stars using interferometry and new estimations of exoplanetary parameters
• Orbital alignment and starspot properties in the WASP-52 planetary system
• Assessing magnetic torques and energy fluxes in close-in star-planet systems
• The discovery of WASP-151b, WASP-153b, WASP-156b: Insights on giant planet migration and the upper boundary of the Neptunian desert
• Starspots on WASP-107 and pulsations of WASP-118
• A multiplicity study of transiting exoplanet host stars. I. High-contrast imaging with VLT/SPHERE
• A method to estimate stellar ages from kinematical data
• A semi-empirical model for magnetic braking of solar-type stars
• The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey. II. Twenty New Giant Planets
• The stellar obliquity, planet mass, and very low albedo of Qatar-2 from K2 Photometry
• Five transiting hot Jupiters discovered using WASP-South, Euler and TRAPPIST: WASP-119 b, WASP-124 b, WASP-126 b, WASP-129 b and WASP-133 b
• The EBLM Project VI. The mass and radius of five low-mass stars in F+M binaries discovered by the WASP survey
• BONNSAI: correlated stellar observables in Bayesian methods
• Qatar Exoplanet Survey : Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b and Qatar-5b
• Stellar ages and masses in the solar neighbourhood: Bayesian analysis using spectroscopy and Gaia DR1 parallaxes
• GPI Spectroscopy of the Mass, Age, and Metallicity Benchmark Brown Dwarf HD 4747 B
• Discovery of WASP-113b and WASP-114b, two inflated hot-Jupiters with contrasting densities
• Recurring sets of recurring starspot occultations on exoplanet-host Qatar-2
• On a Possible Solution to the Tidal Realignment Problem for Hot Jupiters
• Two Hot Jupiters from K2 Campaign 4
• Close-by planets and flares in their host stars
• The homogeneous characterisation of Ariel host stars
• Signature of non-isotropic distribution of stellar rotation inclination angles in the Praesepe cluster
• Does magnetic field impact tidal dynamics inside the convective zone of low-mass stars along their evolution?
• A search for transit timing variations and orbital decay in WASP-46b
• Benchmarking Substellar Evolutionary Models Using New Age Estimates for HD 4747 B and HD 19467 B
• WASP-135b: a highly irradiated, inflated hot Jupiter orbiting a G5V star
• Are the gyro-ages of field stars underestimated?
• Characterizing WASP-43b's interior structure: unveiling tidal decay and apsidal motion
• Coronal X-ray emission and planetary irradiation in HD 209458
• Confirmation and characterisation of three giant planets detected by TESS from the FIES/NOT and Tull/McDonald spectrographs
• Planet-star interactions with precise transit timing. III. Entering the regime of dynamical tides
• A Holistic and Probabilistic Approach to the Ground-based Data of HAT-P-19 System
• The breakdown of current gyrochronology as evidenced by old coeval stars
• A search for transit timing variations in the HATS-18 planetary system
• A model for spin-orbit commensurability and synchronous starspot activity in stars with close-by planets
• TATOO: a tidal-chronology standalone tool to estimate the age of massive close-in planetary systems
• Clusters: age scales for stellar physics
• Retrieving planet formation parameters of WASP-77Ab using SimAb
• HATS-15 b and HATS-16 b: Two massive planets transiting old G dwarf stars
• Physical properties and optical-infrared transmission spectrum of the giant planet XO-1b
• Constraining Planetary Migration and Tidal Dissipation with Coeval Hot Jupiters
• Ages for exoplanet host stars
• A white dwarf bound to the transiting planetary system WASP-98
• Planet Across Space and Time (PAST). VII. The origin and tidal evolution of hot Jupiters constrained by a broken age-frequency relation
• The low density, hot Jupiter TOI-640 b is on a polar orbit
• The first evidence of tidally induced activity in a brown dwarf-M dwarf pair: A Chandra study of the NLTT 41135/41136 system
• Probing the Limits of Habitability: A Catalog of Rocky Exoplanets in the Habitable Zone
• Engulfment of a hot Jupiter as a possible origin of the rapid spin and internal spin misalignment of the planet-hosting red giant Kepler-56
• Rotation of planet-harbouring stars
• A search for transit timing variations in the transiting hot Jupiter systems HIP 65, NGTS-6, NGTS-10 and WASP-173
• Further Evidence for Tidal Spin-Up of Hot Jupiter Host Stars
• Evidence for the Late Arrival of Hot Jupiters in Systems with High Host-star Obliquities
• TOI-7154b: A Close-in Massive Brown Dwarf in an Eccentric Orbit
• Observational imprints of tidal internal gravity wave dissipation in star-planet systems
• Constraining stellar rotation and planetary atmospheric evolution of a dozen systems hosting sub-Neptunes and super-Earths
• Tidal star-planet interaction and its observed impact on stellar activity in planet-hosting wide binary systems