The Hot QCD White Paper: Exploring the Phases of QCD at RHIC and the LHC

Abstract

The past decade has seen huge advances in experimental measurements made in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and more recently at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These new data, in combination with theoretical advances from calculations made in a variety of frameworks, have led to a broad and deep knowledge of the properties of thermal QCD matter. Increasingly quantitative descriptions of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in these collisions have established that the QGP is a strongly coupled liquid with the lowest value of specific viscosity ever measured. However, much remains to be learned about the precise nature of the initial state from which this liquid forms, how its properties vary across its phase diagram and how, at a microscopic level, the collective properties of this liquid emerge from the interactions among the individual quarks and gluons that must be visible if the liquid is probed with sufficiently high resolution. This white paper, prepared by the Hot QCD Writing Group as part of the U.S. Long Range Plan for Nuclear Physics, reviews the recent progress in the field of hot QCD and outlines the scientific opportunities in the next decade for resolving the outstanding issues in the field.

arXiv comment110 pages, 33 figures, 429 references. Prepared as part of the U.S. Long-Range Plan for Nuclear Physics

References in corpus (9)

• High density QCD on a Lefschetz thimble?
• The Complex Langevin method: When can it be trusted?
• Turbulent thermalization process in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
• Pressure isotropization in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Medium-Induced QCD Cascade: Democratic Branching and Wave Turbulence
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Cited by in corpus (51)

• Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton-proton to heavy-ion collisions
• Multi-system Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter
• Extraction of Heavy-Flavor Transport Coefficients in QCD Matter
• Review of Jet Measurements in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Open Heavy Flavor in QCD Matter and in Nuclear Collisions
• Properties of the QCD Matter -- An Experimental Review of Selected Results from RHIC BES Program
• Coherent J/psi photoproduction in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV with the CMS experiment
• Hadronization and Charm-Hadron Ratios in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Relativistic nuclear collisions: Establishing a non-critical baseline for fluctuation measurements
• Effective field theory approach to open heavy flavor production in heavy-ion collisions
• First measurement of ${\Lambda }_c$ baryon production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Foundations and Applications of Quantum Kinetic Theory
• Transport coefficients from in medium quarkonium dynamics
• Cracking the difference of estimating heavy quark transport coefficients in a Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Event shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\rm{NN}}=2.76$ TeV
• A Rotation/Magnetism Analogy for the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Correlating the skewness and kurtosis of baryon number distributions
• Spectral functions and dynamic critical behavior of relativistic $Z_2$ theories
• Thermal photon emission from the pi-rho-omega system
• Probing Strangeness Canonical Ensemble with $K^{-}$, $\varphi (1020)$ and ${\Xi }^{-}$ Production in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=3\mathrm{GeV}$
• Scaling and adiabaticity in a rapidly expanding gluon plasma
• Inverse Magnetic/Shear Catalysis
• Strongly-Interacting Ultralight Millicharged Particles
• Multiple critical end points in magnetized three flavor quark matter
• When Is Holography Consistent?
• Non-critical fluctuations of (net) charges and (net) protons from iEBE-VISHNU hybrid model
• Self-consistent $O(4)$ model spectral functions from analytically continued FRG flows
• The QCD critical point hunt: emergent new ideas and new dynamics
• New estimator for symmetry plane correlations in anisotropic flow analyses
• Charm and beauty isolation from heavy flavor decay electrons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV at RHIC
• Exploring the properties of the phases of QCD matter - research opportunities and priorities for the next decade
• Hadron-quark phase transition: the QCD phase diagram and stellar conversion
• Net baryon-number fluctuations in magnetized quark matter
• Medium-Induced Transverse Momentum Broadening via Forward Dijet Correlations
• Sub-jet structure as a discriminating quenching probe
• Influence of the vector interaction and an external magnetic field on the isentropes near the chiral critical end point
• The Trajectory of the Cosmic Plasma Through the Quark Matter Phase Diagram
• Holography of Little Inflation
• Glueballs and vector mesons at NICA
• Sensitivity of predictions in an effective model -- application to the chiral critical end point position in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• Higher-Harmonic Collective Modes in a Trapped Gas from Second-Order Hydrodynamics
• INFN What Next: Ultra-relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Study of energy-momentum tensor correlation function in $N_f=2+1$ full QCD for QGP viscosities
• Dynamical energy loss formalism: from describing suppression patterns to implications for future experiments
• Density Functional Equation of State and Its Application to the Phenomenology of Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Field Theories Without a Holographic Dual
• On The Existence of a Holographic Description of the LHC Quark-Gluon Plasmas
• Quark-Gluon Plasma: from accelerator experiments to early Universe
• Global $\Lambda$-hyperon polarization in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=3$ GeV
• Effect of non-uniform efficiency on higher-order cumulants in heavy-ion collisions
• Light and strange hadron production and anisotropic flow measurement in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=3\mathrm{GeV}$ from STAR