CHITAH: Strong-gravitational-lens hunter in imaging surveys

Abstract

Strong gravitationally lensed quasars provide powerful means to study galaxy evolution and cosmology. Current and upcoming imaging surveys will contain thousands of new lensed quasars, augmenting the existing sample by at least two orders of magnitude. To find such lens systems, we built a robot, CHITAH, that hunts for lensed quasars by modeling the configuration of the multiple quasar images. Specifically, given an image of an object that might be a lensed quasar, CHITAH first disentangles the light from the supposed lens galaxy and the light from the multiple quasar images based on color information. A simple rule is designed to categorize the given object as a potential four-image (quad) or two-image (double) lensed quasar system. The configuration of the identified quasar images is subsequently modeled to classify whether the object is a lensed quasar system. We test the performance of CHITAH using simulated lens systems based on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey. For bright quads with large image separations (with Einstein radius $r_{\mathrm{ein}}>1.1"$) simulated using Gaussian point-spread functions, a high true-positive rate (TPR) of $\sim$90% and a low false-positive rate of $\sim$$3\%$ show that this is a promising approach to search for new lens systems. We obtain high TPR for lens systems with $r_{\mathrm{ein}}\gtrsim 0.5"$, so the performance of CHITAH is set by the seeing. We further feed a known gravitational lens system, COSMOS 5921$+$0638, to CHITAH, and demonstrate that CHITAH is able to classify this real gravitational lens system successfully. Our newly built CHITAH is omnivorous and can hunt in any ground-based imaging surveys.

10 pages, 10 figures (accepted for publication in ApJ)

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• Quasar Lenses and Galactic Streams: Outlier Selection and GAIA Multiplet Detection
• Population mixtures and searches of lensed and extended quasars across photometric surveys
• Discovering strongly lensed quasar candidates with catalogue-based methods from DESI Legacy Surveys
• Simulation-guided galaxy evolution inference: A case study with strong lensing galaxies