Laser threshold magnetometry

Abstract

We propose a new type of sensor, which uses diamond containing the optically active nitrogen-vacancy (NV${}^{-}$) centres as a laser medium. The magnetometer can be operated at room-temperature and generates light that can be readily fibre coupled, thereby permitting use in industrial applications and remote sensing. By combining laser pumping with a radio-frequency Rabi-drive field, an external magnetic field changes the fluorescence of the NV${}^{-}$ centres. We use this change in fluorescence level to push the laser above threshold, turning it on with an intensity controlled by the external magnetic field, which provides a coherent amplification of the readout signal with very high contrast. This mechanism is qualitatively different from conventional NV${}^{-}$--based magnetometers which use fluorescence measurements, based on incoherent photon emission. We term our approach laser threshold magnetometry (LTM). We predict that an NV${}^{-}$--based laser threshold magnetometer with a volume of 1mm${}^3$ can achieve shot-noise limited d.c.~sensitivity of 1.86 fT$/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ and a.c.~sensitivity of 3.97fT$/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$.

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• Rapid determination of single substitutional nitrogen N${}_s^0$ concentration in diamond from UV-Vis spectroscopy
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• The $N_{2}V$ color center: a ubiquitous visible and near-infrared-II quantum emitter in nitrogen-doped diamond
• Absorption and birefringence study for reduced optical losses in diamond with high NV concentration
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• Nitrogen-Vacancy Emission from Nanodiamond: Size, Depth, and Surroundings
• Creation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition diamond for sensing applications
• Magnetometry with Broadband Microwave Fields in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Two-media laser threshold magnetometry: A magnetic-field-dependent laser threshold