Observation of broken time-reversal symmetry in the heavy fermion superconductor UPt${}_3$

Abstract

The symmetry properties of the order parameter characterize different phases of unconventional superconductors. In the case of the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt${}_3$, a key question is whether its multiple superconducting phases preserve or break time-reversal symmetry (TRS). We tested for asymmetry in the phase shift between left and right circularly polarized light reflected from a single crystal of UPt${}_3$ at normal incidence, finding that this so-called polar Kerr effect appears only below the lower of the two zero-field superconducting transition temperatures. Our results provide evidence for broken TRS in the low-temperature superconducting phase of UPt${}_3$, implying a complex two-component order parameter for superconductivity in this system.

arXiv comment19 pages, 7 figures

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