Chladni solitons and the onset of the snaking instability for dark solitons in confined superfluids

Abstract

Complex solitary waves composed of intersecting vortex lines are predicted in a channeled superfluid. Their shapes in a cylindrical trap include a cross, spoke wheels, and Greek $\Phi$, and trace the nodal lines of unstable vibration modes of a planar dark soliton in analogy to Chladni's figures of membrane vibrations. The stationary solitary waves extend a family of solutions that include the previously known solitonic vortex and vortex rings. Their bifurcation points from the dark soliton indicating the onset of new unstable modes of the snaking instability are predicted from scale separation for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and superfluid Fermi gases across the BEC--BCS crossover, and confirmed by full numerical calculations. Chladni solitons could be observed in ultra-cold gas experiments by seeded decay of dark solitons.

to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

References in corpus (6)

• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• Oscillations and interactions of dark and dark-bright solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
• Observation of Solitonic Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Solitons, solitonic vortices, and vortex rings in a confined Bose-Einstein condensate
• Traveling Dark Solitons in Superfluid Fermi Gases
• Bending-wave Instability of a Vortex Ring in a Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate

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