Digital frequency domain multiplexing readout electronics for the next generation of millimeter telescopes

Abstract

Frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers in millimeter-wavelength astrophysical instrumentation. In fMux, the signals from multiple detectors are read out on a single pair of wires reducing the total cryogenic thermal loading as well as the cold component complexity and cost of a system. The current digital fMux system, in use by POLARBEAR, EBEX, and the South Pole Telescope, is limited to a multiplexing factor of 16 by the dynamic range of the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device pre-amplifier and the total system bandwidth. Increased multiplexing is key for the next generation of large format TES cameras, such as SPT-3G and POLARBEAR2, which plan to have on the of order 15,000 detectors. Here, we present the next generation fMux readout, focusing on the warm electronics. In this system, the multiplexing factor increases to 64 channels per module (2 wires) while maintaining low noise levels and detector stability. This is achieved by increasing the system bandwidth, reducing the dynamic range requirements though active feedback, and digital synthesis of voltage biases with a novel polyphase filter algorithm. In addition, a version of the new fMux readout includes features such as low power consumption and radiation-hard components making it viable for future space-based millimeter telescopes such as the LiteBIRD satellite.

15 pages, 10 figures. To be published in Proceedings of SPIE Volume 9153. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2014, conference 9153

References in corpus (3)

• Frequency Multiplexed SQUID Readout of Large Bolometer Arrays for Cosmic Microwave Background Measurements
• Improved Performance of TES Bolometers using Digital Feedback
• Digital Frequency Domain Multiplexer for mm-Wavelength Telescopes

Cited by in corpus (17)

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• A 2500 square-degree CMB lensing map from combined South Pole Telescope and Planck data
• POLARBEAR-2: an instrument for CMB polarization measurements
• A cryogenic continuously rotating half-wave plate for the POLARBEAR-2b cosmic microwave background receiver
• Inevitable imprints of patchy reionization on the cosmic microwave background anisotropy
• On-sky performance of the SPT-3G frequency-domain multiplexed readout
• Development of readout electronics for POLARBEAR-2 Cosmic Microwave Background experiment
• Constraining the intracluster pressure profile from the thermal SZ power spectrum
• Overview of the Medium and High Frequency Telescopes of the LiteBIRD satellite mission
• Low Noise Frequency Domain Multiplexing of TES Bolometers using Sub-kelvin SQUIDs
• Performance of a low-parasitic frequency-domain multiplexing readout
• Readout noise of digital frequency multiplexed TES detectors for CUPID
• Developments of highly-multiplexed, multi-chroic pixels for Balloon-Borne Platforms
• The Design and Integrated Performance of SPT-3G
• High-bandwidth frequency domain multiplexed readout of transition-edge sensors for neutrinoless double beta decay searches