Weak Polarized Electron Scattering

Abstract

Scattering polarized electrons provides an important probe of the weak interactions. Precisely measuring the parity-violating left-right cross section asymmetry is the goal of a number of experiments recently completed or in progress. The experiments are challenging, since A_{LR} is small, typically between 10^(-4) and 10^(-8). By carefully choosing appropriate targets and kinematics, various pieces of the weak Lagrangian can be isolated, providing a search for physics beyond the Standard Model. For other choices, unique features of the strong interaction are studied, including the radius of the neutron density in heavy nuclei, charge symmetry violation, and higher twist terms. This article reviews the theory behind the experiments, as well as the general techniques used in the experimental program.

Review article, 57 pages, 4 figures, typos fixed, reference added, version accepted for publication in the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 64

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• The P2 Experiment - A future high-precision measurement of the electroweak mixing angle at low momentum transfer
• New insights into nuclear physics and weak mixing angle using electroweak probes
• Neutral-Current Electroweak Physics and SMEFT Studies at the EIC
• New Measurements of the Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry in Elastic Electron Scattering Over a Range of Spin-0 Nuclei
• Heavy Neutral Leptons at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Constraining heavy neutral gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ in the 3 - 3 - 1 models by weak charge data of Cesium and proton
• Incorporating the weak mixing angle dependence to reconcile the neutron skin measurement on 208Pb by PREX-II
• Searching for $Z^{\prime }$ bosons at the P2 experiment
• Accessing weak neutral-current coupling $g_{AA}^{eq}$ using positron and electron beams at Jefferson Lab
• The full weak charge density distribution of 48Ca from parity violating electron scattering
• Simultaneous Extraction of the Weak Radius and the Weak Mixing Angle from Parity-Violating Electron Scattering on ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$
• Hadronic weak charges and parity-violating forward Compton scattering
• Weak radius of the proton
• Searching for new physics from SMEFT and leptoquarks at the P2 experiment
• Challenges in the extraction of physics beyond the Standard Model from electron scattering
• Considerations Concerning the Little Group
• Parity violation in Møller scattering within low-energy effective field theory
• Alternative $Z^{\prime }$ Bosons in $E_6$