Parity-Violating Electron Scattering and the Electric and Magnetic Strange Form Factors of the Nucleon

Abstract

Measurement of the neutral weak vector form factors of the nucleon provides unique access to the strange quark content of the nucleon. These form factors can be studied using parity-violating electron scattering. A comprehensive program of experiments has been performed at three accelerator laboratories to determine the role of strange quarks in the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon. This article reviews the remarkable technical progress associated with this program, describes the various methods used in the different experiments, and summarizes the physics results along with recent theoretical calculations.

arXiv commentInvited review for Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science, Oct 2012; as per Ann. Rev. policy, this is the originally submitted version, before refereeing and editorial work

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• First Determination of the Weak Charge of the Proton
• The Weak Neutral Current
• The Spin Structure of the Nucleon
• Towards a resolution of the proton form factor problem: new electron and positron scattering data
• Novel Phenomenology of Parton Distributions from the Drell-Yan Process
• New insights into the nucleon's electromagnetic structure
• Flavor decomposition of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors
• Flavor Structure of the Nucleon Sea
• Lattice QCD and Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
• Strange Quark Magnetic Moment of the Nucleon at Physical Point
• Dispersion-theoretical analysis of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon: Past, present and future
• Weak Polarized Electron Scattering
• Kaon Condensation in Neutron Stars with Skyrme-Hartree-Fock Models
• Strange quark asymmetry in the proton in chiral effective theory
• The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at 12 GeV
• Measurement of the Parity-Violating Asymmetry in Electron-Deuteron Scattering in the Nucleon Resonance Region
• The Role of Nucleon Strangeness in Supernova Explosions
• Strange magnetic form factor of nucleon in heavy baryon chiral effective approach at next to leading order
• Constraining nucleon strangeness
• Second and fourth moments of the charge density and neutron-skin thickness of atomic nuclei
• First Determination of the 27Al Neutron Distribution Radius from a Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement
• Weak quasielastic electroproduction of hyperons with polarization observables
• Weak Neutral Current Axial Form Factor Using $(\bar{\nu })\nu$-Nucleon Scattering and Lattice QCD Inputs
• Charge Symmetry Breaking and Parity Violating Electron-Proton Scattering
• How strange is pion electroproduction?
• Strangeness Vector and Axial-Vector Form Factors of the Nucleon
• Strangeness magnetic form factor of the proton in the extended chiral quark model
• Strangeness content of the pion in the U(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• Parity violating asymmetry with nuclear medium effects in deep inelastic $\vec{e}$ scattering
• Measurement of the Beam-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from ${}^{12}$C and ${}^{27}$Al
• Charge Symmetry Violation in the Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Proton
• Charge Symmetry Breaking and Parity Violating Electron Scattering
• Global Fit of Electron and Neutrino Elastic Scattering Data to Determine the Strange Quark Contribution to the Vector and Axial Form Factors of the Nucleon
• Chiral Analysis of the Nucleon Mass and Sigma Commutator
• Role of pentaquark components in $\varphi$ meson production proton-antiproton annihilation reactions
• Sea quark contributions to nucleon electromagnetic form factors with the nonlocal chiral effective Lagrangian
• Q-weak: First Direct Measurement of the Weak Charge of the Proton
• Weak Neutral Current Studies with Positrons
• Ernest Henley's Isospin and the Ensuing Progress
• Baryon Form Factors