Detecting cosmic rays with the LOFAR radio telescope

Abstract

The low frequency array (LOFAR), is the first radio telescope designed with the capability to measure radio emission from cosmic-ray induced air showers in parallel with interferometric observations. In the first $\sim 2\mathrm{years}$ of observing, 405 cosmic-ray events in the energy range of $10^{16}-10^{18}\mathrm{eV}$ have been detected in the band from $30-80\mathrm{MHz}$. Each of these air showers is registered with up to $\sim 1000$ independent antennas resulting in measurements of the radio emission with unprecedented detail. This article describes the dataset, as well as the analysis pipeline, and serves as a reference for future papers based on these data. All steps necessary to achieve a full reconstruction of the electric field at every antenna position are explained, including removal of radio frequency interference, correcting for the antenna response and identification of the pulsed signal.

References in corpus (3)

• The LOFAR radio environment
• Amplitude calibration of a digital radio antenna array for measuring cosmic ray air showers
• Radiodetection of Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Showers

Cited by in corpus (64)

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• A parameterization for the radio emission of air showers as predicted by CoREAS simulations and applied to LOFAR measurements
• Polarized radio emission from extensive air showers measured with LOFAR
• Constraints on the Diffuse Flux of Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos from Four Years of Askaryan Radio Array Data in Two Stations
• NuRadioReco: A reconstruction framework for radio neutrino detectors
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• Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR
• Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers
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• NuRadioMC: Simulating the radio emission of neutrinos from interaction to detector
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• Radio detection of cosmic rays: present and future
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