An XMM-Newton Survey of the Soft X-ray Background. III. The Galactic Halo X-ray Emission

Abstract

We present measurements of the Galactic halo's X-ray emission for 110 XMM-Newton sight lines, selected to minimize contamination from solar wind charge exchange emission. We detect emission from few million degree gas on ~4/5 of our sight lines. The temperature is fairly uniform (median = 2.22e6 K, interquartile range = 0.63e6 K), while the emission measure and intrinsic 0.5--2.0 keV surface brightness vary by over an order of magnitude (~(0.4-7)e-3 cm^-6 pc and ~(0.5-7)e-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1 deg^-2, respectively, with median detections of 1.9e-3 cm^-6 pc and 1.5e-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1 deg^-2, respectively). The high-latitude sky contains a patchy distribution of few million degree gas. This gas exhibits a general increase in emission measure toward the inner Galaxy in the southern Galactic hemisphere. However, there is no tendency for our observed emission measures to decrease with increasing Galactic latitude, contrary to what is expected for a disk-like halo morphology. The measured temperatures, brightnesses, and spatial distributions of the gas can be used to place constraints on models for the dominant heating sources of the halo. We provide some discussion of such heating sources, but defer comparisons between the observations and detailed models to a later paper.

22 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (14)

• The RAVE Survey: Constraining the Local Galactic Escape Speed
• The XMM-Newton Serendipitous Survey. V. The Second XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue
• Turbulent Structure of a Stratified Supernova-Driven Interstellar Medium
• X-ray coronae in simulations of disc galaxy formation
• X-Ray Absorption from the Milky Way Halo and the Local Group
• Charge-Transfer induced EUV and Soft X-ray emissions in the Heliosphere
• OVII and OVIII line emission in the diffuse soft X-ray background: heliospheric and galactic contributions
• Identifying XMM-Newton observations affected by solar wind charge exchange - Part I
• X-ray and UV spectroscopy of Galactic diffuse hot gas along the LMC X--3 sight line
• Xmm-Newton Observations of the Diffuse X-ray Background
• Limits on Hot Galactic Halo Gas from X-ray Absorption Lines
• Determining The Galactic Halo's Emission Measure from UV and X-ray Observations
• Contribution of Unresolved Point Sources to the Diffuse X-ray Background below 1 keV
• Comments on "A huge reservoir of ionized gas around the Milky Way: accounting for the missing mass?" (2012 ApJL, 756, 8) and "The warm-hot gaseous halo of the Milky Way" (arXiv1211.3137)

Cited by in corpus (92)

• Constraining the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo with OVII and OVII Emission Lines
• A nearby repeating fast radio burst in the direction of M81
• Cooler and smoother -- the impact of cosmic rays on the phase structure of galactic outflows
• The Extended Distribution of Baryons Around Galaxies
• Baryon Cycles in the Biggest Galaxies
• Suzaku observations of the diffuse x-ray emission across the fermi bubbles' edges
• Cooling flow solutions for the circumgalactic medium
• The Galactic Halo Contribution to the Dispersion Measure of Extragalactic Fast Radio Bursts
• The Rotation of the Hot Gas Around the Milky Way
• Spatial distribution of the Milky Way hot gaseous halo constrained by Suzaku X-ray observations
• The Interaction of the Fermi Bubbles with the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo
• XMM-Newton Survey of Local O VII Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei
• An FRB Sent Me a DM: Constraining the Electron Column of the Milky Way Halo with Fast Radio Burst Dispersion Measures from CHIME/FRB
• Ambient Column Densities of Highly Ionized Oxygen in Precipitation-Limited Circumgalactic Media
• A disk-dominated and clumpy circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way seen in X-ray emission
• Exploring the dispersion measure of the Milky Way halo
• X-ray and Gamma-ray Observations of the Fermi Bubbles and NPS/Loop I Structures
• Discovery of a very hot phase of the Milky Way CGM with non-solar abundance ratios
• Disentangling the Cosmic Web Towards FRB 190608
• Abundance and temperature of the outer hot circum-Galactic medium: The SRG/eROSITA view of the soft X-ray background in the eFEDS field
• Hot Extended Galaxy Halos Around Local L* Galaxies From Sunyaev-Zeldovich Measurements
• Constraining Galaxy Haloes from the Dispersion and Scattering of Fast Radio Bursts and Pulsars
• Multiple temperature components of the hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way
• How Do Supernovae Impact the Circumgalactic Medium? I. Large-Scale Fountains Around a Milky Way-Like Galaxy
• The hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way: evidence for super-virial, virial, and sub-virial temperature, non-solar chemical composition, and non-thermal line broadening
• Simulating the Fermi Bubbles as Forward Shocks Driven by AGN Jets
• The Properties of the Galactic Hot Gaseous Halo from X-ray Emission
• The angular momentum of cosmological coronae and the inside-out growth of spiral galaxies
• The Magellanic Stream: break up and accretion onto the hot Galactic corona
• Super-virial temperature or Neon overabundance?: Suzaku observations of the Milky Way circumgalactic Medium
• Probing the anisotropy of the Milky Way gaseous halo: Sight-lines toward Mrk 421 and PKS2155-304
• The Magellanic System: the puzzle of the leading gas stream
• The Hot, Accreted Halo of NGC 891
• Widespread Detection of Two Components in the Hot Circumgalactic Medium of the Milky Way
• Effect of the heating rate on the stability of the three-phase interstellar medium
• Circumgalactic Pressure Profiles Indicate Precipitation-Limited Atmospheres for $M_{\ast }\sim 10^9$$-$$10^{11.5}{M}_{\odot }$
• The impact of cosmic rays on dynamical balance and disk-halo interaction in Lstar disk galaxies
• Evidence for massive warm-hot circumgalactic medium around NGC 3221
• Thermal and chemical properties of the eROSITA bubbles from Suzaku observations
• The warm-hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way as seen by eROSITA
• The Milky Way's Hot Gas Kinematics: Signatures in Current and Future OVII Absorption Line Observations
• Diffuse coronae in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-sized galaxies
• Diffuse galaxy cluster emission at 168 MHz within the Murchison Widefield Array Epoch of Reionization 0-hour field
• XMM-Newton and Suzaku X-ray Shadowing Measurements of the Solar Wind Charge Exchange, Local Bubble, and Galactic Halo Emission
• Suzaku X-ray Observations of the Fermi Bubbles: Northernmost Cap and Southeast Claw Discovered with MAXI-SSC
• Impact of supernova and cosmic-ray driving on the surface brightness of the galactic halo in soft X-rays
• In-orbit background of X-ray microcalorimeters and its effects on observations
• The complementary roles of feedback and mergers in building the gaseous halo and the X-ray corona of Milky Way-sized galaxies
• X-ray Spectra of Circumgalactic Medium Around Star-Forming Galaxies: Connecting Simulations to Observations
• The hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky-Way: new insights from XMM-Newton observations
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Constraints on AGN Feedback in Galaxy Groups
• Empirical estimates of the Galactic halo contribution to the dispersion measures of extragalactic fast radio bursts using X-ray absorption
• The SRG/eROSITA diffuse soft X-ray background. I. The local hot bubble in the western Galactic hemisphere
• The Smith Cloud: surviving a high speed transit of the Galactic disc
• The Origin of the Hot Gas in the Galactic Halo: Testing Galactic Fountain Models' X-ray Emission
• Asymmetric eROSITA bubbles as the evidence of a circumgalactic medium wind
• The Effect of Mixing on the Observed Metallicity of the Smith Cloud
• Solar Wind Charge Exchange contribution to the ROSAT All Sky Survey Maps
• Origin of Galactic Spurs: New Insight from Radio/X-ray All-sky Maps
• An X-ray and SZ bright diffuse source toward M31: a Local Hot Bridge
• Can AGN and galaxy clusters explain the surface brightness fluctuations of the cosmic X-ray background?
• Studying the Interstellar Medium and the inner region of NPS/Loop 1 with shadow observations toward MBM36
• Suzaku study on the Ejecta of the Supernova Remnant G272.2$-$3.2
• The Solar-Cycle Temporal Variation of the Solar Wind Charge Exchange X-ray Lines
• The soft X-ray background with Suzaku: I. Milky Way halo
• Cosmic axion background propagation in galaxies
• Density and metallicity of the Milky-Way circumgalactic gas
• Multi-wavelength analysis of the Galactic supernova remnant MSH 11-61A
• The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich tomography II: probing the circumgalactic medium
• Constraining the Milky Way Mass with Its Hot Gaseous Halo
• Quantifying Observational Projection Effects with a Simulation-based hot CGM model
• Studying the ICM in clusters of galaxies via surface brightness fluctuations of the cosmic X-ray background
• On the patchy appearance of the circum-Galactic medium and the influence of foreground absorption
• Gamma-ray Production in the Extended Halo of the Galaxy and Possible Implications for the Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays
• XMM-Newton Survey of Local OVII Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Galactic X-ray Sources
• Probing the Halo Gas Distribution in the Inner Galaxy with Fermi Bubble Observations
• XMM-Newton Measurement of the Galactic Halo X-ray Emission using a Compact Shadowing Cloud
• Is the Milky Way's Hot Halo Convectively Unstable?
• The Origin of the X-ray Emission from the High-velocity Cloud MS30.7-81.4-118
• The warm-hot intergalactic medium in inter-cluster filaments -- A forecast for HUBS observations based on eRASS1 superclusters
• The role of the Galactic Halo and the Single Source in the formation of the cosmic ray anisotropy
• Tracing the Origins of Hot Halo Gas in Milky Way-Type Galaxies with SMUGGLE
• Cold-mode and hot-mode accretion in galaxy formation: an entropy approach
• Constraining the Milky Way's Dispersion Measure Using FRB and X-ray Data
• Galactic Gamma Ray Background from Interactions of Cosmic Rays
• Evidence for a very low-column density hole in the Galactic halo in the direction of the high latitude molecular cloud MBM 16
• Unusual X-ray Oxygen Line Ratios of SN 1987A Arising From the Absorption of Galactic Hot Interstellar Medium
• On the baryon budget in the X-ray-emitting circumgalactic medium of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• X-ray analysis of the Planck-detected triplet-cluster system PLCK G334.8-38
• Constraining cosmic ray transport models using circumgalactic medium properties and observables
• In medio stat virtus: enrichment history in poor galaxy clusters
• Chemical enrichment of ICM within the A3266 cluster I: radial profiles