Determination of the origin of the spin Seebeck effect - bulk vs. interface effects

Abstract

The observation of the spin Seebeck effect in insulators has meant a breakthrough for spin caloritronics due to the unique ability to generate pure spin currents by thermal excitations in insulating systems without moving charge carriers. Since the recent first observation, the underlying mechanism and the origin of the observed signals have been discussed highly controversially. Here we present a characteristic dependence of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect amplitude on the thickness of the insulating ferromagnet (YIG). Our measurements show that the observed behavior cannot be explained by any effects originating from the interface, such as magnetic proximity effects in the spin detector (Pt). Comparison to theoretical calculations of thermal magnonic spin currents yields qualitative agreement for the thickness dependence resulting from the finite effective magnon propagation length so that the origin of the effect can be traced to genuine bulk magnonic spin currents ruling out parasitic interface effects.

12 pages, 6 figures

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• Spin Seebeck insulator
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• Theory of magnon-driven spin Seebeck effect
• Temperature dependence of spin diffusion length and spin Hall angle in Au and Pt
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• Propagation of Thermally Induced Magnonic Spin Currents
• Sub-microsecond fast temporal evolution of the spin Seebeck effect
• Spin current generation from sputtered Y3Fe5O12 films
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Cited by in corpus (86)

• Interface-Induced Phenomena in Magnetism
• Long distance transport of magnon spin information in a magnetic insulator at room temperature
• Thermoelectric generation based on spin Seebeck effects
• Magnon spin transport driven by the magnon chemical potential in a magnetic insulator
• Thermal generation of spin current in an antiferromagnet
• Magnon Polarons in the Spin Seebeck Effect
• Femtosecond formation dynamics of the spin Seebeck effect revealed by terahertz spectroscopy
• Magnon-phonon interactions in magnetic insulators
• Long range pure magnon spin diffusion observed in a non-local spin-Seebeck geometry
• Origin of the thickness-dependent low-temperature enhancement of spin Seebeck effect in YIG films
• Spin Seebeck effect through antiferromagnetic NiO
• Temperature dependence of the magnon spin diffusion length and magnon spin conductivity in the magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet
• Longitudinal spin Seebeck coefficient: heat flux vs. temperature difference method
• Magnetic field dependence of the magnon spin diffusion length in the magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet
• Influence of yttrium iron garnet thickness and heater opacity on the nonlocal transport of electrically and thermally excited magnons
• Ferroic collinear multilayer magnon spin valve
• Evidence for the role of the magnon energy relaxation length in the Spin Seebeck Effect
• Spin Seebeck imaging of spin-torque switching in antiferromagnetic Pt/NiO heterostructures
• Concomitant enhancement of longitudinal spin Seebeck effect with thermal conductivity
• Magnetic field control of the spin Seebeck effect
• Magnons and Phonons Optically Driven Out of Local Equilibrium in a Magnetic Insulator
• Spin and spin current -- From fundamentals to recent progress
• Spin Seebeck Effect: Sensitive Probe for Elementary Excitation, Spin Correlation, Transport, Magnetic Order, and Domains in Solids
• Magnon mode selective spin transport in compensated ferrimagnets
• Pure spin currents in magnetically ordered insulator/normal metal heterostructures
• Electrical detection of spiral spin structures in Pt|Cu_2OSeO_3 heterostructures
• Complex THz and DC inverse spin Hall effect in YIG/Cu${}_{1-x}$Ir${}_x$ bilayers across a wide concentration range
• Thermoelectric performance of spin Seebeck effect in Fe3O4/Pt-based thin film heterostructures
• Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the spin Seebeck and spin Peltier effects
• Magnetic properties and domain structure of ultrathin yttrium iron garnet/Pt bilayers
• Observation of spin Seebeck contribution to the transverse thermopower in Ni-Pt and MnBi-Au bulk nanocomposites
• Criteria for accurate determination of the magnon relaxation length from the nonlocal spin Seebeck effect
• Spin transport across antiferromagnets induced by the spin Seebeck effect
• Enhanced magnon spin transport in NiFe${}_2$O${}_4$ thin films on a lattice-matched substrate
• Spin transport in multilayer systems with fully epitaxial NiO thin films
• Boltzmann approach to the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect
• Thermally Driven Long Range Magnon Spin Currents in Yttrium Iron Garnet due to Intrinsic Spin Seebeck Effect
• Spin Seebeck effect at microwave frequencies
• Thermal generation of spin current in epitaxial CoFe2O4 thin films
• Thermodynamic transport theory of spin waves in ferromagnetic insulators
• Transition of laser-induced terahertz spin currents from torque- to conduction-electron-mediated transport
• Long lifetime of thermally-excited magnons in bulk yttrium iron garnet
• Magnon Pairs and Spin-Nematic Correlation in the Spin-Seebeck Effect
• Exceptional sign changes of the non-local spin Seebeck effect in antiferromagnetic hematite
• Spincaloritronic measurements: a round robin comparison of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect
• Probing short-range magnetic order in a geometrically frustrated magnet by spin Seebeck effect
• Lateral transport properties of thermally excited magnons in yttrium iron garnet films
• Temperature dependence of the Spin Seebeck effect in a mixed valent manganite
• Spin Seebeck effect and thermal spin galvanic effect in Ni80Fe20/p-Si bilayers
• Temperature dependence of the interface spin Seebeck effect
• Thermally induced magnon accumulation in two-sublattice magnets
• Local and nonlocal spin Seebeck effect in lateral Pt-$\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$-Pt devices at low temperatures
• Transient response of spin Peltier effect revealed by lock-in thermoreflectance measurement
• Enhancement in Thermally Generated Spin Voltage at Pd/NiFe${}_2$O${}_4$ Interfaces by the Growth on Lattice-Matched Substrates
• Magnetic coupling in Y${}_3$Fe${}_5$O${}_{12}$/Gd${}_3$Fe${}_5$O${}_{12}$ heterostructures
• Microscopic origin of subthermal magnons and the spin Seebeck effect
• Magnetic field dependence of the nonlocal spin Seebeck effect in Pt/YIG/Pt systems at low temperatures
• Spin Seebeck effect and magnon diffusion length in ${\mathbf{Fe}}_3{\mathbf{O}}_4$
• Spin Seebeck effect and ballistic transport of quasi-acoustic magnons in room-temperature yttrium iron garnet films
• Vectorial observation of the spin Seebeck effect in epitaxial NiFe${}_2$O${}_4$ thin films with various magnetic anisotropy contributions
• Spin Seebeck effect in a simple ferromagnet near Tc: A Ginzburg-Landau approach
• Spin Seebeck effect in $\epsilon$-Fe${}_2$O${}_3$ thin layer with high coercive field
• Role of magnons and the size effect in heat transport through an insulating ferromagnet/insulator interface
• Tuning the diffusion of magnon in Y3Fe5O12 by light excitation
• Microscopic theory of spin Seebeck effect in antiferromagnets
• New pathways towards efficient metallic spin Hall spintronics
• Reconstruction of an effective magnon mean free path distribution from spin Seebeck measurements in thin films
• A puzzling insensitivity of magnon spin diffusion to the presence of 180${}^{\circ }$ domain walls in a ferrimagnetic insulator
• Magnon currents excited by the spin Seebeck effect in ferromagnetic EuS thin films
• Energy repartition in the nonequilibrium steady state
• Thickness dependence of spin Peltier effect visualized by thermal imaging technique
• Short-range Thermal Magnon Diffusion in Magnetic Garnet
• Transport properties of spin superfluids: comparing easy-plane ferro- and antiferromagnets
• Local spin Seebeck imaging with scanning thermal probe
• Observing Differential Spin Currents by Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
• Damping of parametrically excited magnons in the presence of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect
• Magnon Transport in the Presence of Antisymmetric Exchange in a Weak Antiferromagnet
• Spin Peltier effect and its length scale in Pt/YIG system at high temperatures
• Theory of the spin Seebeck effect influenced by crystal-field excitations in Tb${}_3$Fe${}_5$O${}_{12}$
• Frequency-dependent Phonon-mediated Unidirectional Magnetoresistance in a Metal on an Insulator with Highly Nonequilibrium Magnons
• Unconventional magnon transport in antiferromagnet NiPS${}_3$ induced by an anisotropic spin-flop transition
• Temperature dependence of the mean magnon collision time in a spin Seebeck device
• Spin Seebeck effect in two-sublattice ferrimagnets in the vicinity of $T_{\mathrm{C}}$
• Influence of low-energy magnons on magnon Hanle experiments in easy-plane antiferromagnets
• Scaling of the thermally induced sign inversion of longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in a compensated ferrimagnet: Role of magnetic anisotropy
• Ultrafast lattice dynamics and electron-phonon coupling in platinum extracted with a global fitting approach for time-resolved polycrystalline diffraction data