Matter-wave solitons in the counterflow of two immiscible superfluids

Abstract

We study formation of solitons induced by counterflows of immiscible superfluids. Our setting is based on a quasi-one-dimensional binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), composed of two immiscible components with large and small numbers of atoms in them. Assuming that the "small" component moves with constant velocity, either by itself, or being dragged by a moving trap, and intrudes into the "large" counterpart, the following results are obtained. Depending on the velocity, and on whether the small component moves in the absence or in the presence of the trap, two-component dark-bright solitons, scalar dark solitons, or multiple dark solitons may emerge, the latter outcome taking place due to breakdown of the superfluidity. We present two sets of analytical results to describe this phenomenology. In an intermediate velocity regime, where dark-bright solitons form, a reduction of the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii system to an integrable Mel'nikov system is developed, demonstrating that solitary waves of the former are very accurately described by analytically available solitons of the latter. In the high-velocity regime, where the breakdown of the superfluidity induces the formation of dark solitons and multi-soliton trains, an effective single-component description, in which a strongly localized wave packet of the "small" component acts as an effective potential for the "large" one, allows us to estimate the critical velocity beyond which the coherent structures emerge in good agreement with the numerical results.

9 pages, 12 figures

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Cited by in corpus (8)

• Dark-bright solitons in coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with unequal dispersion coefficients
• Diffraction control in PT-symmetric photonic lattices: from beam rectification to dynamic localization
• Pattern formation of quantum Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in binary superfluids
• Transitions From Order to Disorder in Multi-Dark and Multi-Dark-Bright Soliton Atomic Clouds
• Stability and Tunneling Dynamics of a Dark-Bright Soliton Pair in a Harmonic Trap
• Suppression of the quantum collapse in binary bosonic gases
• Sound waves and modulational instabilities on continuous wave solutions in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
• Periodic waves in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with repulsive interactions between atoms