Experimental observation of oscillating and interacting matter wave dark solitons

Abstract

We report on the generation, subsequent oscillation and interaction of a pair of matter wave dark solitons. These are created by releasing a Bose-Einstein condensate from a double well potential into a harmonic trap in the crossover regime between one dimension (1D) and three dimensions (3D). The oscillation of the solitons is observed and the frequency is in quantitative agreement with simulations using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. An effective particle picture is developed and reveals that the deviation of the observed frequencies from the asymptotic prediction ${\nu }_z/\sqrt{2}$, where ${\nu }_z$ is the longitudinal trapping frequency, results from the dimensionality of the system and the interaction between the solitons.

5 pages, 3 figures

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