A Hi-GAL study of the high-mass star-forming region G29.96-0.02

Abstract

Context. G29.96-0.02 is a high-mass star-forming cloud observed at 70, 160, 250, 350, and 500 microns as part of the Herschel survey of the Galactic Plane during the Science Demonstration Phase. Aims. We wish to conduct a far-infrared study of the sources associated with this star-forming region by estimating their physical properties and evolutionary stage, and investigating the clump mass function, the star formation efficiency and rate in the cloud. Methods. We have identified the Hi-GAL sources associated with the cloud, searched for possible counterparts at centimeter and infrared wavelengths, fitted their spectral energy distribution and estimated their physical parameters. Results. A total of 198 sources have been detected in all 5 Hi-GAL bands, 117 of which are associated with 24 microns emission and 87 of which are not associated with 24 microns emission. We called the former sources 24 microns-bright and the latter ones 24 microns-dark. The [70-160] color of the 24 microns-dark sources is smaller than that of the 24 microns-bright ones. The 24 microns-dark sources have lower L_bol and L_bol/M_env than the 24 microns-bright ones for similar M_env, which suggests that they are in an earlier evolutionary phase. The G29-SFR cloud is associated with 10 NVSS sources and with extended centimeter continuum emission well correlated with the 70 microns emission. Most of the NVSS sources appear to be early B or late O-type stars. The most massive and luminous Hi-GAL sources in the cloud are located close to the G29-UC region, which suggests that there is a privileged area for massive star formation towards the center of the G29-SFR cloud. Almost all the Hi-GAL sources have masses well above the Jeans mass but only 5% have masses above the virial mass, which indicates that most of the sources are stable against gravitational collapse. The sources with M_env > M_virial and that ...

22 pages, 6 tables, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (11)

• Power-law distributions in empirical data
• The Boston University-Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory Galactic Ring Survey
• A Minimum Column Density of 1 g cm^-2 for Massive Star Formation
• The Luminosity Functions and Timescales of MYSOs and Compact HII regions
• A SCUBA imaging survey of ultracompact HII regions: The environments of massive star formation
• Dust and gas emission in the prototypical hot core G29.96-0.02 at sub-arcsecond resolution
• Different evolutionary stages in massive star formation. Centimeter continuum and H2O maser emission with ATCA
• The initial conditions of star formation VIII: an observational study of the Ophiuchus cloud L1688 and implications for the prestellar core mass function
• An analysis of star formation with Herschel in the Hi-GAL Survey. I. The Science Demonstration Phase Fields
• The G305 star-forming complex: Embedded Massive Star Formation Discovered by Herschel Hi-GAL
• On the shape of the mass-function of dense clumps in the Hi-GAL fields. I. SED determination and global properties of the mass-functions

Cited by in corpus (23)

• High-Mass Star and Massive Cluster Formation in the Milky Way
• Hi-GAL, the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey: photometric maps and compact source catalogues. First data release for Inner Milky Way: +68°> l > -70°
• Properties of Hi-GAL clumps in the inner Galaxy]{The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue. I. The physical properties of the clumps in the inner Galaxy ($-71.0^{\circ }<\ell <67.0^{\circ }$)
• Accretion disks in luminous young stellar objects
• The Massive Star-forming Regions Omnibus X-ray Catalog
• A Multiwavelength Look at Galactic Massive Star Forming Regions
• A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic Plane Survey. I. Overview and first results for the Galactic longitude range 28° < l < 36°
• Large scale IRAM 30m CO-observations in the giant molecular cloud complex W43
• The GUAPOS project II. A comprehensive study of peptide-like bond molecules
• The MPIfR-MeerKAT Galactic Plane survey I -- System setup and early results
• A distance limited sample of massive star forming cores from the RMS survey
• OH maser emission in the THOR survey of the northern Milky Way
• Distance biases in the estimation of the physical properties of Hi-GAL compact sources-I. Clump properties and the identification of high-mass star forming candidates
• The fragmentation properties of massive protocluster gas clumps: an ALMA study
• FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (FUGIN). VI. Dense gas and mini-starbursts in the W43 giant molecular cloud complex
• An analysis of star formation with Herschel in the Hi-GAL Survey. II. The tips of the Galactic bar
• A Survey for Hydroxyl in the THOR Pilot Region around W43
• EVN observations of 6.7 GHz methanol maser polarization in massive star-forming regions IV. Magnetic field strength limits and structure for 7 additional sources
• Evolutionary tracks of massive stars during formation
• Cluster formation in molecular clouds: I. stellar populations, star formation rates, and ionizing radiation
• Mapping the 13CO/C18O abundance ratio in the massive star forming region G29.96-0.02
• Helium Ionization in the Diffuse Ionized Gas surrounding UCHII regions
• Long-term Variability of H${}_2$CO Masers in Star-forming Regions