Direct entropy determination and application to artificial spin ice

Abstract

From thermodynamic origins, the concept of entropy has expanded to a range of statistical measures of uncertainty, which may still be thermodynamically significant. However, laboratory measurements of entropy continue to rely on direct measurements of heat. New technologies that can map out myriads of microscopic degrees of freedom suggest direct determination of configurational entropy by counting in systems where it is thermodynamically inaccessible, such as granular and colloidal materials, proteins and lithographically fabricated nanometre-scale arrays. Here, we demonstrate a conditional-probability technique to calculate entropy densities of translation-invariant states on lattices using limited configuration data on small clusters, and apply it to arrays of interacting nanometre-scale magnetic islands (artificial spin ice). Models for statistically disordered systems can be assessed by applying the method to relative entropy densities. For artificial spin ice, this analysis shows that nearest-neighbour correlations drive longer-range ones.

10 pages

References in corpus (7)

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• Artificial "spin ice" in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands
• Glassy dynamics of kinetically constrained models
• The Jamming Transition in Granular Systems
• Direct observation of the ice rule in artificial kagome spin ice
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• Energy minimization and AC demagnetization in a nanomagnet array