Stone-Wales--type transformations in carbon nanostructures driven by electron irradiation
arXiv:1105.1617 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.245420
Abstract
Observations of topological defects associated with Stone-Wales-type transformations (i.e., bond rotations) in high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of carbon nanostructures are at odds with the equilibrium thermodynamics of these systems. Here, by combining aberration-corrected HRTEM experiments and atomistic simulations, we show that such defects can be formed by single electron impacts, and remarkably, at electron energies below the threshold for atomic displacements. We further study the mechanisms of irradiation-driven bond rotations, and explain why electron irradiation at moderate electron energies (\sim100 keV) tends to amorphize rather than perforate graphene. We also show via simulations that Stone-Wales defects can appear in curved graphitic structures due to incomplete recombination of irradiation-induced Frenkel defects, similar to formation of Wigner-type defects in silicon.
References in corpus (5)
- From Point Defects in Graphene to Two-Dimensional Amorphous Carbon
- Atomic-scale electron-beam sculpting of defect-free graphene nanostructures
- Two-dimensional Graphene with Structural Defects: Elastic Mean Free Path, Minimum Conductivity and Anderson Transition
- Early stages of radiation damage in graphite and carbon nanostructures: A first-principles molecular dynamics study
- Embedded Ribbons of Graphene Allotropes: An Extended Defect Perspective
Cited by in corpus (42)
- Polycrystalline graphene and other two-dimensional materials
- An accurate measurement of electron beam induced displacement cross sections for single-layer graphene
- An Accurate and Transferable Machine Learning Potential for Carbon
- Growth of Epitaxial Graphene: Theory and Experiment
- Graphene re-knits its holes
- Electronic and structural characterization of divacancies in irradiated graphene
- Manipulating low-dimensional materials down to the level of single atoms with electron irradiation
- Deep Learning Analysis of Defect and Phase Evolution During Electron Beam Induced Transformations in WS2
- Silicon-carbon bond inversions driven by 60 keV electrons in graphene
- Quantifying transmission electron microscopy irradiation effects using two-dimensional materials
- Imaging Atomic-Level Random Walk of a Point Defect in Graphene
- Electron-Beam Manipulation of Silicon Dopants in Graphene
- Assembling Di- and Multiatomic Si Clusters in Graphene via Electron Beam Manipulation
- Computational insights and the observation of SiC nanograin assembly: towards 2D silicon carbide
- Towards atomically precise manipulation of 2D nanostructures in the electron microscope
- Single-atom spectroscopy of phosphorus dopants implanted into graphene
- Competing dynamics of single phosphorus dopant in graphene with electron irradiation
- Isotope analysis in the transmission electron microscope
- Exploring order parameters and dynamic processes in disordered systems via variational autoencoders
- Zigzag graphene nanoribbon edge reconstruction with Stone-Wales defects
- Doping transition-metal atoms in graphene for atomic-scale tailoring of electronic, magnetic, and quantum topological properties
- A comparative study of density functional and density functional tight binding calculations of defects in graphene
- Defect-Dependent Corrugation in Graphene
- Ion irradiation tolerance of graphene as studied by atomistic simulations
- Epitaxial growth mechanisms of graphene and effects of substrates
- Implantation and atomic scale investigation of self-interstitials in graphene
- Approaches to modelling irradiation-induced processes in transmission electron microscopy
- Atomic structure and energetics of large vacancies in graphene
- Influence of temperature on the displacement threshold energy in graphene
- Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Zigzag Boron-Nitride Nanoribbons with Even and Odd-line Stone-Wales (5-7 pair) Defects
- Two-dimensional few-atom noble gas clusters in a graphene sandwich
- Hybrid Structures and Strain-Tunable Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanothreads
- Kinetics of Topological Stone-Wales Defect Formation in Single Walled Carbon
- Knock-on damage in bilayer graphene: indications for a catalytic pathway
- Stone-Wales defects can cause a metal-semiconductor transition in carbon nanotubes depending on their orientation
- Topological and Quantum Stability of Low-Dimensional Crystalline Lattices with Multiple Nonequivalent Sublattices
- Structural characterization of carbon nanotubes via the vibrational density of states
- Indirect measurement of the carbon adatom migration barrier on graphene
- A Generalized Read-Shockley Model and Large Scale Simulations for the Energy and Structure of Graphene Grain Boundaries
- Optically Forged Diffraction-Unlimited Ripples in Graphene
- Radiation-induced mobility of small defect clusters in covalent materials
- Three-dimensional description of vibration-assisted electron knock-on damage