New Constraints (and Motivations) for Abelian Gauge Bosons in the MeV-TeV Mass Range

Abstract

We survey the phenomenological constraints on abelian gauge bosons having masses in the MeV to multi-GeV mass range (using precision electroweak measurements, neutrino-electron and neutrino-nucleon scattering, electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments, upsilon decay, beam dump experiments, atomic parity violation, low-energy neutron scattering and primordial nucleosynthesis). We compute their implications for the three parameters that in general describe the low-energy properties of such bosons: their mass and their two possible types of dimensionless couplings (direct couplings to ordinary fermions and kinetic mixing with Standard Model hypercharge). We argue that gauge bosons with very small couplings to ordinary fermions in this mass range are natural in string compactifications and are likely to be generic in theories for which the gravity scale is systematically smaller than the Planck mass - such as in extra-dimensional models - because of the necessity to suppress proton decay. Furthermore, because its couplings are weak, in the low-energy theory relevant to experiments at and below TeV scales the charge gauged by the new boson can appear to be broken, both by classical effects and by anomalies. In particular, if the new gauge charge appears to be anomalous, anomaly cancellation does not also require the introduction of new light fermions in the low-energy theory. Furthermore, the charge can appear to be conserved in the low-energy theory, despite the corresponding gauge boson having a mass. Our results reduce to those of other authors in the special cases where there is no kinetic mixing or there is no direct coupling to ordinary fermions, such as for recently proposed dark-matter scenarios.

49 pages + appendix, 21 figures. This is the final version which appears in JHEP

References in corpus (34)

• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• A Theory of Dark Matter
• Secluded WIMP Dark Matter
• Secluded U(1) below the weak scale
• Phenomenology with Massive Neutrinos
• New Fixed-Target Experiments to Search for Dark Gauge Forces
• Dark Matter and Dark Radiation
• Probing a Secluded U(1) at B-factories
• Introduction to Effective Field Theory
• Probing Dark Forces and Light Hidden Sectors at Low-Energy e+e- Colliders
• Lectures on F-theory compactifications and model building
• New Exclusion Limits for Dark Gauge Forces from Beam-Dump Data
• Kinetic Mixing as the Origin of Light Dark Scales
• PAMELA Positron Excess as a Signal from the Hidden Sector
• Polarized Light Propagating in a Magnetic Field as a Probe of Millicharged Fermions
• Microwave Background Constraints on Mixing of Photons with Hidden Photons
• Extra-weakly Interacting Dark Matter
• Dark matter and a new gauge boson through kinetic mixing
• Testing String Vacua in the Lab: From a Hidden CMB to Dark Forces in Flux Compactifications
• Proton size anomaly
• Towards Realistic String Vacua From Branes At Singularities
• Multicomponent Dark Matter in Supersymmetric Hidden Sector Extensions
• Continuous Global Symmetries and Hyperweak Interactions in String Compactifications
• Dark matter and sub-GeV hidden U(1) in GMSB models
• LHC and ILC probes of hidden-sector gauge bosons
• Search for millicharged particles in reactor neutrino experiments: a probe of the PVLAS anomaly
• Accelerator Cavities as a Probe of Millicharged Particles
• The Minimal Quiver Standard Model
• Uber-naturalness: unexpectedly light scalars from supersymmetric extra dimensions
• What can we learn from neutrino electron scattering?
• Large Dimensions and Small Curvatures from Supersymmetric Brane Back-reaction
• Bulk Axions, Brane Back-reaction and Fluxes
• How to Find a Hidden World at the Large Hadron Collider
• Z' boson detection in the Minimal Quiver Standard Model

Cited by in corpus (72)

• Serendipity in dark photon searches
• New Limits on Hidden Photons from Past Electron Beam Dumps
• Search for $A^{\prime }\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays
• Unbroken B-L Symmetry
• Constraints on sub-GeV hidden sector gauge bosons from a search for heavy neutrino decays
• Particle Physics Models for the 17 MeV Anomaly in Beryllium Nuclear Decays
• Hidden On-Shell Mediators for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Constraints on Dark Photon from Neutrino-Electron Scattering Experiments
• Light dark matter in neutrino beams: production modelling and scattering signatures at MiniBooNE, T2K and SHiP
• Models of Particle Physics from Type IIB String Theory and F-theory: A Review
• New weakly-coupled forces hidden in low-energy QCD
• FCNC portals to the dark sector
• Leptophobic Dark Matter at Neutrino Factories
• RR photons
• The High-Energy Frontier of the Intensity Frontier: Closing the Dark Photon, Inelastic Dark Matter, and Muon g-2 Windows
• Precision tests of fundamental physics with $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons
• Light new physics in coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments
• Anisotropic Modulus Stabilisation: Strings at LHC Scales with Micron-sized Extra Dimensions
• Relaxing Cosmological Neutrino Mass Bounds with Unstable Neutrinos
• Stringent limits on the π^0 -> γX, X -> e+e- decay from neutrino experiments and constraints on new light gauge bosons
• Shedding Light on Neutrino Masses with Dark Forces
• Visible and dark matter from a first-order phase transition in a baryon-symmetric universe
• Explaining $B\to K^{(\ast )}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ anomaly by radiatively induced coupling in $U(1{)}_{\mu -\tau }$ gauge symmetry
• The effective action of D6-branes in N=1 type IIA orientifolds
• Dark Matter and Dark Forces from a supersymmetric hidden sector
• Searching for dilepton resonances below the Z mass at the LHC
• LSND Constraints on the Higgs Portal
• Dark Sector Production via Proton Bremsstrahlung
• A reappraisal of constraints on $Z^{\prime }$ models from unitarity and direct searches at the LHC
• Coscattering/Coannihilation Dark Matter in a Fraternal Twin Higgs Model
• Note on moduli stabilization, supersymmetry breaking and axiverse
• On sub-GeV Dark Matter Production at Fixed-Target Experiments
• Could a light Higgs boson illuminate the dark sector?
• Affleck-Dine dynamics and the dark sector of pangenesis
• FCNC $B$ and $K$ Meson Decays with Light Bosonic Dark Matter
• Muon g-2 Anomaly and Dark Leptonic Gauge Boson
• Isospin-violating dark matter from a double portal
• Stringy explanation of $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ anomalies
• Nonabelian Dark Matter with Resonant Annihilation
• Z'-gauge Bosons as Harbingers of Low Mass Strings
• Yoga Dark Energy: Natural Relaxation and Other Dark Implications of a Supersymmetric Gravity Sector
• Minimal hidden sector models for CoGeNT/DAMA events
• Precision CMB constraints on eV-scale bosons coupled to neutrinos
• Dark Matter in Anomaly-Free Gauge Extensions
• Dark Higgs Models at the 7 TeV LHC
• Scotogenic dark matter and Dirac neutrinos from unbroken gauged $B-L$ symmetry
• U(1) mixing and D-brane linear equivalence
• Axial vectors in DarkCast
• A dark force for baryons
• Accidental SUSY: Enhanced Bulk Supersymmetry from Brane Back-reaction
• Dark matter stability from Dirac neutrinos in scotogenic 3-3-1-1 theory
• Constraints on dark photons from ${\pi }^0$ decays
• Light dark matter versus astrophysical constraints
• Hydrogen and muonic-Hydrogen Atomic Spectra in Non-commutative Space-Time
• Heavy Fermion Non-Decoupling Effects in Triple Gauge Boson Vertices
• Leptogenesis from oscillations and dark matter
• Dark Photons and Displaced Vertices at the MUonE Experiment
• Phenomenology of fermion dark matter as neutrino mass mediator with gauged B-L
• Testing freeze-in with axial and vector $Z^{\prime }$ bosons
• Effects of Family Nonuniversal Z' Boson on Leptonic Decays of Higgs and Weak Bosons
• Scope of strongly self-interacting thermal WIMPs in a minimal $U(1{)}_D$ extension and its future prospects
• Constraining Nonstandard Neutrino-Electron Interactions due to a New Light Spin-1 Boson
• Light Mediators in Anomaly Free $U(1{)}_X$ Models I - Theoretical Framework
• Consequences of an Abelian $Z^{\prime }$ for neutrino oscillations and dark matter
• Gravitational Forces on a Codimension-2 Brane
• Astrophysical aspects of milli-charged dark matter in a Higgs-Stueckelberg model
• Investigating the Effect of Family Non-universal $Z^{\prime }$ Boson in $B\to \varphi \varphi$ Decay
• LFV couplings of the extra gauge boson Z' and leptonic decay and production of pseudoscalar mesons
• Electroweak Precision Constraints on Dark Photon Models with Generalized Mixing
• The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC
• Constraints on the $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model from global QCD analysis
• Axion-Neutrino Interplay in a Gauged Two-Higgs-Doublet Model