Structure Functions

Abstract

Structure functions are a measure of the partonic structure of hadrons, which is important for any process which involves colliding hadrons. They are a key ingredient for deriving partons distributions in nucleons. In recent years dramatic progress has been made in the understanding of the nucleon structure and the precision of its partonic content, due to vast theoretical progress, and the availability of new high precision measurements. This review gives an overview on present structure function and related data, and on the most recent techniques used to extract parton distribution functions to describe the structure of the proton. Special attention is given to the determination of the uncertainties on the parton distributions.

72 pages. Originally submitted for publication in summer 2010. Various minor updates included for current version

References in corpus (38)

• Parton distributions for the LHC
• New parton distributions for collider physics
• Implications of CTEQ global analysis for collider observables
• EPS09 - a New Generation of NLO and LO Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions
• -- HATHOR -- HAdronic Top and Heavy quarks crOss section calculatoR
• Electroweak gauge boson production at hadron colliders through O(alpha_s^2)
• The PDF4LHC Working Group Interim Recommendations
• Parton Distributions for LO Generators
• Determination of nuclear parton distribution functions and their uncertainties at next-to-leading order
• Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\mathrm{TeV}$
• The PDF4LHC Working Group Interim Report
• Precision electroweak calculation of the production of a high transverse-momentum lepton pair at hadron colliders
• Update of Parton Distributions at NNLO
• Dynamical parton distributions of the nucleon and very small-x physics
• Impact parameter dependent colour glass condensate dipole model
• Mellin Moments of the {$O({\alpha }_s^3$)} Heavy Flavor Contributions to unpolarized Deep-Inelastic Scattering at $Q^2\gg m^2$ and Anomalous Dimensions
• Heavy-quark mass dependence in global PDF analyses and 3- and 4-flavour parton distributions
• The Charm Parton Content of the Nucleon
• Measurement of the shape of the boson rapidity distribution for p\bar{p}-> Z/gamma*-> e+e- +X events produced at sqrt(s) of 1.96 TeV
• Small x Resummation with Quarks: Deep-Inelastic Scattering
• Measurement of the Inclusive e{\pm}p Scattering Cross Section at High Inelasticity y and of the Structure Function FL
• Precision determination of electroweak parameters and the strange content of the proton from neutrino deep-inelastic scattering
• MRST partons generated in a fixed-flavour scheme
• Direct Measurement of the $W$ Production Charge Asymmetry in $\ppbar$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV
• Electroweak corrections to hadronic production of W bosons at large transverse momenta
• Weak Boson Emission in Hadron Collider Processes
• Fixed target Drell-Yan data and NNLO QCD fits of parton distribution functions
• A Global Fit to Scattering Data with NLL BFKL Resummations
• On the role of heavy flavor parton distributions at high energy colliders
• Measurement of the electron charge asymmetry in ppbar->W+X->enu+X events at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
• Measurement of differential Z/gamma*+jet+X cross sections in proton anti-proton collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
• High Energy Resummation of Drell-Yan Processes
• Sensitivity of isolated photon production at TeV hadron colliders to the gluon distribution in the proton
• Higher Twist Contributions to the Structure Functions F_2^p(x,Q^2) and F_2^d(x,Q^2) at Large x and Higher Orders
• Weak corrections to four-parton processes
• NNLO Benchmarks for Gauge and Higgs Boson Production at TeV Hadron Colliders
• Using HERA Data to Determine the Infrared Behaviour of the BFKL Amplitude
• Improved formulation of global QCD analysis with zero-mass hard cross sections

Cited by in corpus (35)

• QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories: challenges and perspectives
• APFEL: A PDF Evolution Library with QED corrections
• Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: a community white paper
• The Structure of the Proton in the LHC Precision Era
• A guide to light-cone PDFs from Lattice QCD: an overview of approaches, techniques and results
• The PDF4LHC report on PDFs and LHC data: Results from Run I and preparation for Run II
• Quantitative constraints on the gluon distribution function in the proton from collider isolated-photon data
• Progress in the Determination of the Partonic Structure of the Proton
• Study of Monte Carlo approach to experimental uncertainty propagation with MSTW 2008 PDFs
• An Unbiased Hessian Representation for Monte Carlo PDFs
• Further developments of a multi-phase transport model for relativistic nuclear collisions
• The Theory of Deeply Inelastic Scattering
• Evidence for intrinsic charm quarks in the proton
• Systematic uncertainties in parton distribution functions from lattice QCD simulations at the physical point
• aMCfast: automation of fast NLO computations for PDF fits
• Measurement of the weak mixing angle with the Drell-Yan process in proton-proton collisions at the LHC
• Extended Parameterisations for MSTW PDFs and their effect on Lepton Charge Asymmetry from W Decays
• NNLO QCD corrections to Higgs pair production via vector boson fusion at hadron colliders
• Flavor Structure of the Nucleon Sea
• Parton distribution function dependence of benchmark Standard Model total cross sections at the 7 TeV LHC
• Neural network generated parametrizations of deeply virtual Compton form factors
• Accessing proton generalized parton distributions and pion distribution amplitudes with the exclusive pion-induced Drell-Yan process at J-PARC
• Analytic derivation of the next-to-leading order proton structure function $F_2^p(x,Q^2)$ based on the Laplace transformation
• The Quark and Gluon Structure of the Proton
• New parton distributions in fixed flavour factorization scheme from recent deep-inelastic-scattering data
• Applications of a nonlinear evolution equation I: the parton distributions in the proton
• Nucleon microscopy in proton-nucleus scattering via analysis of bremsstrahlung emission
• Impact of Beauty and Charm H1-ZEUS Combined Measurements on PDFs and Determination of the Strong Coupling
• Challenges for QCD theory - some personal reflections -
• $x{F}_3(x,Q^2)$ Structure Function and Gross-Llewellyn Smith Sum Rule with Nuclear Effect and Higher Twist Correction
• Proton structure at the LHC
• Dipole Splitting Algorithm -- A practical algorithm to use the dipole subtraction procedure --
• Symmetry breaking effect on determination of polarized and unpolarized parton distributions
• Electromagnetic stress on nucleon structure
• Impact of Charm H1-ZEUS Combined data and Determination of the Strong Coupling in Two Different Schemes