Cluster X-ray luminosity-temperature relation at z>~1.5

Abstract

The evolution of the properties of the hot gas that fills the potential well of galaxy clusters is poorly known, since models are unable to give robust predictions and observations lack a sufficient redshift leverage and are affected by selection effects. Here, with just two high redshift, z approx 1.8, clusters avoiding selection biases, we obtain a significant extension of the redshift range and we begin to constrain the possible evolution of the X-ray luminosity vs temperature relation. The two clusters, JKC041 at z=2.2 and ISCSJ1438+3414 at z=1.41, are respectively the most distant cluster overall, and the second most distant that can be used for studying scaling relations. Their location in the X-ray luminosity vs temperature plane, with an X-ray luminosity 5 times lower than expected, suggests at the 95 % confidence that the evolution of the intracluster medium has not been self-similar in the last three quarters of the Universe age. Our conclusion is reinforced by data on a third, X-ray selected, high redshift cluster, too faint for its temperature when compared to a sample of similarly selected objects. Our data suggest that non-gravitational effects, such as the baryon physics, influence the evolution of galaxy cluster. Precise knowledge of evolution is central for using galaxy clusters as cosmological probes in planned X-ray surveys such as WFXT or JDEM.

MNRAS, in press. Fig 1 degraded to fit arxiv size constraints

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• Galaxy mass, cluster-centric distance and secular evolution: their role in the evolution of galaxies in clusters in the last 10 Gyr
• Richness-mass relation self-calibration for galaxy clusters
• The Faint End of the Cluster Galaxy Luminosity Function at High Redshift
• A low-scatter survey-based mass proxy for clusters of galaxies
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• Observational evidence that massive cluster galaxies were forming stars at z~2.5 and did not grow in mass at later times
• Candidate Clusters of Galaxies at $z>1.3$ Identified in the Spitzer SPT Deep Field Survey
• Molecular gas in two companion cluster galaxies at z=1.2
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• Witnessing the intracluster medium assembly at the cosmic noon in JKCS041
• Chandra X-ray Observations of the redshift 1.53, radio-loud quasar: 3C 270.1
• The extreme synchronicity of stellar ages of red galaxies in the JKCS041 cluster at z=2.2
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• Why are some galaxy clusters underluminous? The very low concentration of the CL2015 mass profile
• The uncommon intracluster medium features of the first massive clusters selected independently of their baryon content
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