Magnetization Dynamics, Bennett Clocking and Associated Energy Dissipation in Multiferroic Logic

Abstract

It has been recently shown that multiferroic logic - where logic bits are encoded in the magnetization orientation of a nanoscale magnetostrictive layer elastically coupled to a piezoelectric layer - can be Bennett clocked with small electrostatic potentials of few tens of mV applied to the piezoelectric layer. The potential generates stress in the magnetostrictive layer and rotates its magnetization by a large angle to carry out Bennett clocking. This method of clocking is far more energy-efficient than using spin transfer torque. In order to assess if such a clocking scheme can be also reasonably fast, we have studied the magnetization dynamics of a multiferroic logic array with nearest neighbor dipole coupling using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. We find that switching delays of ~ 3 ns (clock rates of 0.33 GHz) can be achieved with proper design provided we clock non-adiabatically and dissipate ~48,000 kT (at room temperature) of energy per clock cycle per bit flip in the clocking circuit. This dissipation far exceeds the energy barrier separating the two logic states, which we assumed to be 32 kT to yield a bit error probability of . Had we used spin transfer torque to switch with the same ~ 3 ns delay, the energy dissipation would have been much larger (~ $6\times 106$ kT). This shows that spin transfer torque, widely used in magnetic random access memory, is an inefficient way to switch a magnet, and multiferroic logic clocked with voltage-induced stress is a superior nanomagnetic logic scheme.

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• Spin Transfer Torques
• Intrinsic and non-local Gilbert damping in polycrystalline nickel studied by Ti:Sapphire laser fs spectroscopy
• Bennett clocking of nanomagnetic logic using electrically induced rotation of magnetization in multiferroic single-domain nanomagnets
• Electron Spin for Classical Information Processing: A Brief Survey of Spin-Based Logic Devices, Gates and Circuits
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Cited by in corpus (27)

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• Energy dissipation and switching delay in stress-induced switching of multiferroic devices in the presence of thermal fluctuations
• Irreversible magnetization switching using surface acoustic waves
• Switching dynamics of a magnetostrictive single-domain nanomagnet subjected to stress
• Switching the magnetization of magnetostrictive nanomagnets from single-domain to non-volatile vortex states with a surface acoustic wave
• Switching of Dipole Coupled Multiferroic Nanomagnets in the Presence of Thermal Noise: Reliability of Nanomagnetic Logic
• Energy-efficient magnetoelastic non-volatile memory
• Extreme sub-wavelength magneto-elastic electromagnetic antenna implemented with multiferroic nanomagnets
• Ultra-low-energy non-volatile straintronic computing using single multiferroic composites
• Dynamic Error in Strain Induced Magnetization Reversal of Nanomagnets due to Incoherent Switching and Formation of Metastable States: A Size-dependent Study
• Image Processing with Dipole-Coupled Nanomagnets: Noise Suppression and Edge Enhancement Detection
• Exploring Performance, Coherence, and Clocking of Magnetization in Multiferroic Four-State Nanomagnets
• An Energy-Efficient Bennett Clocking Scheme for 4-State Multiferroic Logic
• An ultrafast image recovery and recognition system implemented with nanomagnets possessing biaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy
• Critical analysis and remedy of switching failures in straintronic logic using Bennett clocking in the presence of thermal fluctuations
• Geometry Effects in Switching of Nanomagnets with Strain: Reliability, Energy Dissipation and Clock Speed in Dipole-Coupled Nanomagnetic Logic
• Incoherent magnetization dynamics in strain mediated switching of magnetostrictive nanomagnets
• Comment on some articles regarding magnetization switching and computing using strain-mediated multiferroic composites
• Ultra-low-energy Electric field-induced Magnetization Switching in Multiferroic Heterostructures
• Voltage Control of Magnetic Monopoles in Artificial Spin Ice
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• Driving large-velocity propagation of ferromagnetic pi/2 domain walls in nanostripes of cubic-anisotropy materials
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• Manipulation of magnetic systems by quantized surface acoustic wave via piezomagnetic effect
• Strained topological insulator spin-orbit torque random access memory (STI-SOTRAM) bit cell for energy-efficient Processing in Memory