The Prediction of a Gapless Topological "Haldane Liquid" Phase in a One-Dimensional Cold Polar Molecular Lattice

Abstract

We show that ultracold two-component fermionic dipolar gases in an optical lattice with strong two-body on-site loss can be used to realize a tunable effective spin-one model. Fermion number conservation provides an unusual constraint that ${\sum }_i(S_i^z{)}^2$ is conserved, leading to a novel topological liquid phase in one dimension which can be thought of as the gapless analog of the Haldane gapped phase of a spin-one Heisenberg chain. The properties of this phase are calculated numerically via the infinite time-evolving block decimation method and analytically via a mapping to a one-mode Luttinger liquid with hidden spin information.

9 pages, 4 figures; expanded discussion and added figure; accepted for publication in PRB

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