$Z_2$ spin liquid and chiral antiferromagnetic phase in Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice: duality between Schwinger-fermion and Schwinger-boson representations

Abstract

In our previous work, we identify the Sublattice-Pairing State (SPS) in Schwinger-fermion representation as the spin liquid phase discovered in recent numerical study on a honeycomb lattice. In this paper, we show that SPS is identical to the zero-flux $Z_2$ spin liquid in Schwinger-boson representation found by Wang\cite{Wang2010} by an explicit duality transformation. SPS is connected to an \emph{unusual} antiferromagnetic ordered phase, which we term as chiral-antiferromagnetic (CAF) phase, by an O(4) critical point. CAF phase breaks the SU(2) spin rotation symmetry completely and has three Goldstone modes. Our results indicate that there is likely a hidden phase transition between CAF phase and simple AF phase at large $U/t$. We propose numerical measurements to reveal the CAF phase and the hidden phase transition.

6 pages, 4 figures, revtex 4, published in a long paper combined with arXiv:1005.4229

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