Majorana liquids: the complete fractionalization of the electron

Abstract

We describe ground states of correlated electron systems in which the electron fractionalizes into separate quasiparticles which carry its spin and its charge, and into real Majorana fermions which carry its Fermi statistics. Such parent states provide a unified theory of previously studied fractionalized states: their descendants include insulating and conducting states with neutral spin S=1/2 fermionic spinons, and states with spinless fermionic charge carriers. We illustrate these ideas on the honeycomb lattice, with field theories of such states and their phase transitions.

arXiv comment4 pages, 1 figure; (v2) Expanded introductory discussion, see arXiv:1010.3745 for technical deltails

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• Geometric phases and competing orders in two dimensions
• Phase diagram of the strongly correlated Kane-Mele-Hubbard model
• The landscape of the Hubbard model
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• Spin-charge separated quasiparticles in one dimensional quantum fluids
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• Modern Physics of the Condensed State: Strong Correlations and Quantum Topology
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