Enzyme-Based Logic Systems for Information Processing

Abstract

We review enzymatic systems which involve biocatalytic reactions utilized for information processing (biocomputing). Extensive ongoing research in biocomputing, mimicking Boolean logic gates has been motivated by potential applications in biotechnology and medicine. Furthermore, novel sensor concepts have been contemplated with multiple inputs processed biochemically before the final output is coupled to transducing "smart-material" electrodes and other systems. These applications have warranted recent emphasis on networking of biocomputing gates. First few-gate networks have been experimentally realized, including coupling, for instance, to signal-responsive electrodes for signal readout. In order to achieve scalable, stable network design and functioning, considerations of noise propagation and control have been initiated as a new research direction. Optimization of single enzyme-based gates for avoiding analog noise amplification has been explored, as were certain network-optimization concepts. We review and exemplify these developments, as well as offer an outlook for possible future research foci. The latter include design and uses of non-Boolean network elements, e.g., filters, as well as other developments motivated by potential novel sensor and biotechnology applications.

References in corpus (4)

• Optimization of Enzymatic Biochemical Logic for Noise Reduction and Scalability: How Many Biocomputing Gates Can Be Interconnected in a Circuit?
• Network Analysis of Biochemical Logic for Noise Reduction and Stability: A System of Three Coupled Enzymatic AND Gates
• Enzymatic AND-Gate Based on Electrode-Immobilized Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Towards Digital Biosensors and Biochemical Logic Systems with Low Noise
• Analog Noise Reduction in Enzymatic Logic Gates

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Enzyme-Based Logic: OR Gate with Double-Sigmoid Filter Response
• Enzymatic AND Logic Gates Operated Under Conditions Characteristic of Biomedical Applications
• Route 20, autobahn 7 and Physarum polycephalum: Approximating longest roads in USA and Germany with slime mould on 3D terrains
• Enzyme-Based Logic Analysis of Biomarkers at Physiological Concentrations: AND Gate with Double-Sigmoid "Filter" Response
• Realization and Properties of Biochemical-Computing Biocatalytic XOR Gate Based on Signal Change
• A Biochemical Logic Approach to Biomarker-Activated Drug Release
• Networked Enzymatic Logic Gates with Filtering: New Theoretical Modeling Expressions and Their Experimental Application
• Biomolecular Filters for Improved Separation of Output Signals in Enzyme Logic Systems Applied to Biomedical Analysis
• Biochemical Filter with Sigmoidal Response: Increasing the Complexity of Biomolecular Logic
• Enzymatic AND Logic Gate with Sigmoid Response Induced by Photochemically Controlled Oxidation of the Output
• Control of Noise in Chemical and Biochemical Information Processing
• Modularity of Biochemical Filtering for Inducing Sigmoid Response in Both Inputs in an Enzymatic AND Gate
• Towards Biochemical Filter with Sigmoidal Response to pH Changes: Buffered Biocatalytic Signal Transduction
• Realization and Properties of Biochemical-Computing Biocatalytic XOR Gate Based on Enzyme Inhibition by a Substrate
• Bioinspired Associative Memory System Based on Enzymatic Cascades
• Kinetic Model for a Threshold Filter in an Enzymatic System for Bioanalytical and Biocomputing Applications
• Notes on stochastic (bio)-logic gates: the role of allosteric cooperativity
• Cellular automaton supercolliders
• Realization of Associative Memory in an Enzymatic Process: Towards Biomolecular Networks with Learning and Unlearning Functionalities
• Can bio-inspired information processing steps be realized as synthetic biochemical processes?
• Modeling and Modifying Response of Biochemical Processes for Biocomputing and Biosensing Signal Processing
• Theoretical Modeling Expressions for Networked Enzymatic Signal Processing Steps as Logic Gates Optimized by Filtering