Energetic Protons, Radionuclides and Magnetic Activity in Protostellar Disks

Abstract

We calculate the location of the magnetically-inactive dead zone in the minimum-mass protosolar disk, under ionization scenarios including stellar X-rays, long- or short-lived radionuclide decay, and energetic protons arriving from the general interstellar medium, from a nearby supernova explosion, from the disk corona, or from the corona of the young star. The disk contains a dead zone in all scenarios except those with small dust grains removed and a fraction of the short-lived radionuclides remaining in the gas. All the cases without exception have an "undead zone" where intermediate resistivities prevent magneto-rotational turbulence while allowing shear-generated large-scale magnetic fields. The mass column in the undead zone is typically greater than the column in the turbulent surface layers. The results support the idea that the dead and undead zones are robust consequences of cold, dusty gas with mass columns exceeding 1000 g/cm^2.

Accepted for the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (11)

• The Magnetic Fields of Classical T Tauri Stars
• A catastrophe model for fast magnetic reconnection onset
• Dead Zone Accretion Flows in Protostellar Disks
• A model of acceleration of Anomalous Cosmic Rays by Reconnection in the Heliosheath
• X-rays from RU Lupi - Accretion and winds in CTTS
• Dust Coagulation and Settling in Layered Protoplanetary Disks
• Turbulent transport and its effect on the dead zone in protoplanetary discs
• High-resolution Spectroscopy of [Ne II] Emission from TW Hya
• The onset of X-ray emission in young stellar objects: a Chandra observation of the Serpens star-forming region
• On the ionisation fraction in protoplanetary disks III. The effect of X-ray flares on gas-phase chemistry
• Enhanced Cosmic Ray Flux and Ionization for Star Formation in Molecular Clouds Interacting with Supernova Remnants

Cited by in corpus (53)

• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution
• Dynamics of Protoplanetary Disks
• Dynamics of Solids in the Midplane of Protoplanetary Disks: Implications for Planetesimal Formation
• Weak Turbulence in the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk Revealed by ALMA CO Observations
• Transitional Disks as Signposts of Young, Multiplanet Systems
• Exclusion of Cosmic Rays in Protoplanetary Disks: Stellar and Magnetic Effects
• Magnetorotational Instability Driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks
• Possible planet-forming regions on submillimetre images
• Global hydromagnetic simulations of a planet embedded in a dead zone: gap opening, gas accretion and formation of a protoplanetary jet
• Hall diffusion and the magnetorotational instability in protoplanetary discs
• Impact of low-energy cosmic rays on star formation
• Magnetized Accretion and Dead Zones in Protostellar Disks
• Dust Transport in Protostellar Disks Through Turbulence and Settling
• Convective overstability in accretion disks: 3D linear analysis and nonlinear saturation
• The baroclinic instability in the context of layered accretion. Self-sustained vortices and their magnetic stability in local compressible unstratified models of protoplanetary disks
• Surface Layer Accretion in Transitional and Conventional Disks: From Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Planets
• The initial conditions for planet formation: Turbulence driven by hydrodynamical instabilities in disks around young stars
• Rossby wave instability at dead zone boundaries in 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamical global models of protoplanetary disks
• A Parameter Study for Baroclinic Vortex Amplification
• Global Hydromagnetic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Stellar Irradiation and Simplified Thermochemistry
• The fate of planetesimals in turbulent disks with dead zones. II. Limits on the viability of runaway accretion
• Dead zones as safe-havens for planetesimals: influence of disc mass and external magnetic field
• Stellar energetic particle ionization in protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars
• The Role of Tiny Grains on the Accretion Process in Protoplanetary Disks
• Exploration of Cosmic Ray Acceleration in Protostellar Accretion Shocks and A Model for Ionization Rates in Embedded Protoclusters
• Planetesimal Formation in Magnetorotationally Dead Zones: Critical Dependence on the Net Vertical Magnetic Flux
• Short Circuits in Thermally Ionized Plasmas: A Mechanism for Intermittent Heating of Protoplanetary Disks
• Exploring the Origins of Deuterium Enrichments in Solar Nebular Organics
• On the dynamics of planetesimals embedded in turbulent protoplanetary discs with dead zones
• Dead, Undead and Zombie Zones in Protostellar Disks as a Function of Stellar Mass
• Radiation pressure clear-out of dusty photoevaporating discs
• Tuning the Exo-Space Weather Radio for Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections
• X-ray Ionization of Heavy Elements Applied to Protoplanetary Disks
• Trapping of giant-planet cores - I. Vortex aided trapping at the outer dead zone edge
• The ionising effect of low energy cosmic rays from a class II object on its protoplanetary disk
• Zombie Vortex Instability. II. Thresholds to Trigger Instability and the Properties of Zombie Turbulence in the Dead Zones of Protoplanetary Disks
• Zombie Vortex Instability. III. Persistence with Nonuniform Stratification and Radiative Damping
• Dust segregation in Hall-dominated turbulent protoplanetary disks
• Stellar energetic particles in the magnetically turbulent habitable zones of TRAPPIST-1-like planetary systems
• X-ray ionization rates in protoplanetary discs
• Mottled protoplanetary disk ionization by magnetically-channeled T Tauri star energetic particles
• The dynamics of inner dead-zone boundaries in protoplanetary disks
• Impact of Local Pressure Enhancements on Dust Concentration inTurbulent Protoplanetary Discs
• Magnetorotational instability in magnetic diffusion dominated accretion discs
• Cosmic-ray ionization rate in protoplanetary disks with sheared magnetic fields
• Growth of Magnetorotational Instability in Circumstellar Disks around Class 0 Protostars
• MRI-driven angular momentum transport in protoplanetary disks
• Stellar cosmic rays as an important source of ionisation in protoplanetary disks: a disk mass dependent process
• Resistive double-diffusive instability in the dead-zones of protostellar disks
• On the growth and orbital evolution of giant planets in layered protoplanetary disks
• Modeling Hadronic Gamma-ray Emissions from Solar Flares and Prospects for Detecting Non-thermal Signatures from Protostars
• On wave interference in planet migration: dead zone torques modified by active zone forcing