Luminosities and mass-loss rates of SMC and LMC AGB stars and Red Supergiants

Abstract

(Abridged) Dust radiative transfer models are presented for 101 carbon stars and 86 oxygen-rich evolved stars in the Magellanic Clouds for which 5-35 \mum\ {\it Spitzer} IRS spectra are available. The spectra are complemented with available optical and infrared photometry to construct the spectral energy distribution. A minimisation procedure is used to fit luminosity, mass-loss rate and dust temperature at the inner radius. Different effective temperatures and dust content are also considered. Periods from the literature and from new OGLE-III data are compiled and derived. The O-rich stars are classified in foreground objects, AGB stars and Red Super Giants. For the O-rich stars silicates based on laboratory optical constants are compared to "astronomical silicates". Overall, the grain type by Volk & Kwok (1988) fit the data best. However, the fit based on laboratory optical constants for the grains can be improved by abandoning the small-particle limit. The influence of grain size, core-mantle grains and porosity are explored. Relations between mass-loss rates and luminosity and pulsation period are presented and compared to the predictions of evolutionary models, those by Vassiliadis & Wood (1993) and their adopted mass-loss recipe, and those based on a Reimers mass-loss law with a scaling of a factor of five. The Vassiliadis & Wood models describe the data better, although there are also some deficiencies, in particular to the maximum adopted mass-loss rate. The OGLE-III data reveal an O-rich star in the SMC with a period of 1749 days. Its absolute magnitude of $M_{\mathrm{bol}}=-8.0$ makes it a good candidate for a super-AGB star.

A&A accepted

References in corpus (21)

• Scaled solar tracks and isochrones in a large region of the Z-Y plane I. From the ZAMS to the TP-AGB end for 0.15 - 2.5 Mo stars
• The Supernova Channel of Super-AGB Stars
• The Effective Temperatures and Physical Properties of Magellanic Cloud Red Supergiants: The Effects of Metallicity
• The shape and composition of interstellar silicate grains
• The dust condensation sequence in red super-giant stars
• A Spitzer mid-infrared spectral survey of mass-losing carbon stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The Magellanic zoo: Mid-infrared Spitzer spectroscopy of evolved stars and circumstellar dust in the Magellanic Clouds
• Spitzer spectroscopy of carbon stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Dust-driven Winds and Mass Loss of C-rich AGB Stars with subsolar Metallicities
• Spitzer observations of acetylene bands in carbon-rich AGB stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A Spitzer IRS Spectral Atlas of Luminous 8 micron Sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Optical properties of silicon carbide for astrophysical applications I. New laboratory infrared reflectance spectra and optical constants
• Spatially resolved dusty torus toward the red supergiant WOH G64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Effects of Metallicity on the Chemical Composition of Carbon Stars
• Variable Evolved Stars and YSOs Discovered in the Large Magellanic Cloud using the SAGE Survey
• A Post-AGB Star in the Small Magellanic Cloud Observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph
• Condensation of MgS in outflows from carbon stars
• The LMC's Top 250: Classification of the Most Luminous Compact 8 micron Sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• ISO Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Galactic Bulge AGB Stars
• The AGB stars of the intermediate-age LMC cluster NGC 1846 Variability and age determination
• The screening of the 11.3 micron SiC feature by carbonaceous mantles in circumstellar shells

Cited by in corpus (129)

• Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• New models for the evolution of Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae
• Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Evolution of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Stars. Preliminary Results
• The ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury IX. Constraining asymptotic giant branch evolution with old metal-poor galaxies
• Super and massive AGB stars - IV. Final fates - Initial to final mass relation
• The mass-loss rates of red supergiants and the de Jager prescription
• NuGrid stellar data set I. Stellar yields from H to Bi for stars with metallicities Z = 0.02 and Z = 0.01
• Super and Massive AGB Stars: II - Nucleosynthesis and Yields - Z=0.02, 0.008 and 0.004
• Spitzer SAGE-SMC Infrared Photometry of Massive Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the Tidally-Stripped, Low Metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-SMC) II. Cool Evolved Stars
• Super-AGB Stars and their role as Electron Capture Supernova progenitors
• The Astrodust+PAH Model: A Unified Description of the Extinction, Emission, and Polarization from Dust in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
• Low-metallicity massive single stars with rotation. Evolutionary models applicable to I Zwicky 18
• The Dust Budget of the SMC: Are AGB Stars the Primary Dust Source at Low Metallicity?
• Evolution of Thermally Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars II. Dust production at varying metallicity
• Numerical Simulations of Radiatively-Driven Dusty Winds
• Super and massive AGB stars - III. Nucleosynthesis in metal-poor and very metal-poor stars - Z=0.001 and 0.0001
• The SAGE-Spec Spitzer Legacy program: The life-cycle of dust and gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Point source classification I
• Heavy-element yields and abundances of Asymptotic Giant Branch models with a Small Magellanic Cloud metallicity
• White dwarf evolutionary sequences for low-metallicity progenitors: The impact of third dredge-up
• Carbon-rich dust past the asymptotic giant branch: aliphatics, aromatics, and fullerenes in the Magellanic Clouds
• Dust from AGBs: relevant factors and modelling uncertainties
• Heavy Element Nucleosynthesis in the Brightest Galactic Asymptotic Giant Branch stars
• Near Infrared spectroscopy of post-starburst galaxies: a limited impact of TP-AGB stars on galaxy SEDs
• Optically Visible Post-AGB Stars, Post-RGB Stars and Young Stellar Objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The mass-loss return from evolved stars to the Large Magellanic Cloud V. The GRAMS carbon-star model grid
• Luminosities and mass-loss rates of Local Group AGB stars and Red Supergiants
• The evolution of Red Supergiants to supernova in the LMC cluster NGC 2100
• The evolved-star dust budget of the Small Magellanic Cloud: the critical role of a few key players
• The Mass-Loss Return from Evolved Stars to the Large Magellanic Cloud IV: Construction and Validation of a Grid of Models for Oxygen-Rich AGB Stars, Red Supergiants, and Extreme AGB Stars
• An Infrared Census of DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer (DUSTiNGS), I. Overview
• Another cluster of red supergiants close to RSGC1
• Seed particle formation for silicate dust condensation by SiO nucleation
• The SAGE-Spec Spitzer Legacy program: The life-cycle of dust and gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Point source classification III
• The Period-Luminosity Relation of Red Supergiant Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Dusty Explosions from Dusty Progenitors: The Physics of SN2008S and the 2008 NGC300-OT
• Evolution and Mass Loss of Cool Ageing Stars: a Daedalean Story
• Asymptotic Giant Branch stars at low metallicity: the challenging interplay between mass loss and molecular opacities
• Spitzer Infrared Spectrographic point source classification in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Heavy elements in Globular Clusters: the role of AGB stars
• Period-Magnitude relation of Mira-like variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud as a tool to understand circumstellar extinction
• Spitzer Spectroscopy of Mass Loss and Dust Production by Evolved Stars in Globular Clusters
• The global gas and dust budget of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The Core Mass Growth and Stellar Lifetime of Thermally Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
• A new survey of cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds
• The age-metallicity dependence for white dwarfs
• Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity V. Mass-Loss Rate of Red Supergiant Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Is there a metallicity ceiling to form carbon stars? - A novel technique reveals a scarcity of C stars in the inner M31 disk
• Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity I. A Source Catalog for the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Circumstellar Dust Around AGB Stars and Implications for Infrared Emission from Galaxies
• On the metallicity dependence of crystalline silicates in oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch stars and red supergiants
• The Mass-Loss Return from Evolved Stars to the Large Magellanic Cloud II: Dust Properties for Oxygen-Rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
• The formation of ultra-massive carbon-oxygen core white dwarfs and their evolutionary and pulsational properties
• Constraining dust properties in Circumstellar Envelopes of C-stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: optical constants and grain size of Carbon dust
• The infrared spectral properties of Magellanic carbon stars
• The mass-loss, expansion velocities and dust production rates of carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• Estimating the dust production rate of carbon stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• An Infrared Census of DUST in Nearby Galaxies with Spitzer (DUSTiNGS). IV. Discovery of High-Redshift AGB Analogs
• Pulsation-triggered mass loss from AGB stars: the 60-day critical period
• The VMC survey III. Mass-loss rates and luminosities of LMC AGB stars
• Reduction of the maximum mass-loss rate of OH/IR stars due to unnoticed binary interaction
• Short-lived radioactivity in the early Solar System: the Super-AGB star hypothesis
• Modelling the alumina abundance of oxygen-rich evolved stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Identification of a Class of Low-Mass Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars Struggling to Become Carbon Stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• A comparative analysis of the observed white dwarf cooling sequence from globular clusters
• Red supergiant stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. Infrared properties and mid-infrared variability
• Evolved stars in the Local Group galaxies - II. AGB, RSG stars and dust production in IC10
• Establishing a mass-loss rate relation for red supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Synthetic photometry for carbon-rich giants. III. Tracing the sequence of mass-losing galactic C-type Miras
• Discovery of an intermediate-luminosity red transient in M51 and its likely dust-obscured, infrared-variable progenitor
• Probing the dusty stellar populations of the Local Volume Galaxies with JWST/MIRI
• The mass-loss return from evolved stars to the Large Magellanic Cloud III. Dust properties for carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars
• Understanding the evolution and dust formation of carbon stars in the LMC with a look at the JWST
• Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity III. A Source Catalog for the Large Magellanic Cloud
• HV2112, a Thorne-Zytkow Object or a Super Asymptotic Giant Branch Star
• The evolution of white dwarfs resulting from helium-enhanced, low-metallicity progenitor stars
• Silicate condensation in Mira variables
• Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity II. Red Supergiant Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• A Fresh Look at AGB stars in Galactic Open Clusters with Gaia: Impact on Stellar Models and the Initial-Final Mass Relation
• Testing Mass Loss in Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids using Infrared and Optical Observations II. Predictions and Tests of the OGLE-III Fundamental-Mode Cepheids
• The impact of winds on the spectral appearance of Red Supergiants
• Cool, Luminous, and Highly Variable Stars in the Magellanic Clouds from ASAS-SN: Implications for Thorne-Żytkow Objects and Super-Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
• SPIRITS Catalog of Infrared Variables: Identification of Extremely Luminous Long Period Variables
• Interplay between pulsation, mass loss, and third dredge-up: More about Miras with and without technetium
• Characterizing the Population of Bright Infrared Sources in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Quiescent nuclear burning in low-metallicity white dwarfs
• Asteroseismology of luminous red giants with Kepler. II. Dependence of mass loss on pulsations and radiation
• The Evolution of the Kinematics of Nebular Shells in Planetary Nebulae in the Milky Way Bulge
• Impact of Convective Boundary Mixing on the TP-AGB
• Red Supergiant Mass Loss and Mass-Loss Rates
• A Spitzer/IRAC Characterization of Galactic AGB and RSG Stars
• Maser Properties of the Enigmatic IRAS Source 19312+1950
• The VMC Survey -- XXXVII. Pulsation periods of dust enshrouded AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• The mass-loss rates of red supergiants at low metallicity: Detection of rotational CO emission from two red supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Three-component modelling of C-rich AGB star winds V. Effects of frequency-dependent radiative transfer including drift
• The S4G perspective on circumstellar dust extinction of AGB stars in M100
• Red Supergiants, Yellow Hypergiants, and Post-RSG Evolution
• A dearth of OH/IR stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Near-infrared spectroscopy of candidate red supergiant stars in clusters
• Where have all the interstellar silicon carbides gone?
• Optical properties of amorphous carbon dust around C-stars: new constraints from 2MASS and Gaia observations
• Period -- mass-loss rate relation of Miras with and without technetium
• Dust in AGB wind-ISM interaction regions
• Pulsations powered by hydrogen shell burning in white dwarfs
• Searching for Anomalies in the ZTF Catalog of Periodic Variable Stars
• The chemistry of extragalactic carbon stars
• Uncertainties in AGB Evolution and Nucleosynthesis
• Episodic mass loss in the very luminous red supergiant [W60] B90 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Wide Field CO Mapping in the Region of IRAS 19312+1950
• Stellar-Encounter Driven Red-Giant Star Mass-Loss in Globular Clusters
• Investigating the metallicity dependence of the mass-loss rate relation of red supergiants
• The effect of winds on atmospheric layers of red supergiants I. Modelling for interferometric observations
• Oxygen-rich dust production in IC 10
• The kinematics of the nebular shells around low mass progenitors of PNe with low metallicity
• 30-micron sources in galaxies with different metallicities
• Evolution of long-lived globular cluster stars IV. Initial helium content and white-dwarf properties
• Betelgeuse and the red supergiants
• The Mid-IR Contribution Of Dust Enshrouded Stars In Six Nearby Galaxies
• Multiwavelength Observations of the RV Tauri Variable System U Monocerotis: Long-Term Variability Phenomena That Can Be Explained by Binary Interactions with a Circumbinary Disk
• Discovery of Mira variable stars in the metal-poor Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• On the nature of VX Sagitarii: Is it a TZO, a RSG or a high-mass AGB star?
• Analyzing temporal variations of AGN emission line profiles in the context of (dusty) cloud structure formation in the broad line region
• Modeling extinction and reddening effects by circumstellar dust in the Betelgeuse envelope in the presence of radiative torque disruption
• Long-term polarimetric observations of OH127.8+0.0
• The Binding Energies of Atoms on Amorphous Silicate Dust: A Computational Study
• AT 2019qyl in NGC 300: Internal Collisions in the Early Outflow from a Very Fast Nova in a Symbiotic Binary
• Mass Loss Rates of Li-rich AGB/RGB Stars
• Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of Metallicity
• A homogeneous view of asymptotic giant branch carbon stars as seen by Gaia