Black holes and black hole thermodynamics without event horizons

Abstract

We investigate whether black holes can be defined without using event horizons. In particular we focus on the thermodynamic properties of event horizons and the alternative, locally defined horizons. We discuss the assumptions and limitations of the proofs of the zeroth, first and second laws of black hole mechanics for both event horizons and trapping horizons. This leads to the possibility that black holes may be more usefully defined in terms of trapping horizons. We also show how Hawking radiation can also be seen to arise from trapping horizons and discuss which horizon area should be associated with the gravitational entropy.

arXiv commentInvited review article for General Relativity and Gravitation. 43 pages

References in corpus (77)

• Some Properties of Noether Charge and a Proposal for Dynamical Black Hole Entropy
• Formation and evaporation of non-singular black holes
• Analogue Gravity
• The fuzzball proposal for black holes: an elementary review
• Isolated and dynamical horizons and their applications
• General Laws of Black-Hole Dynamics
• Entropy, Area, and Black Hole Pairs
• Unified First Law and Thermodynamics of Apparent Horizon in FRW Universe
• Dynamical Horizons and their Properties
• Isolated Horizons: Hamiltonian Evolution and the First Law
• Introduction to Isolated Horizons in Numerical Relativity
• Black hole evaporation: A paradigm
• Dynamical Horizons: Energy, Angular Momentum, Fluxes and Balance Laws
• Generic Isolated Horizons and their Applications
• Black hole boundaries
• A 3+1 perspective on null hypersurfaces and isolated horizons
• Dynamic black-hole entropy
• Essential and inessential features of Hawking radiation
• Local existence of dynamical and trapping horizons
• Mechanics of Isolated Horizons
• Thermodynamics of Apparent Horizon in Brane World Scenario
• Production and decay of evolving horizons
• Gravitational vacuum polarization II: Energy conditions in the Boulware vacuum
• On the Hawking radiation as tunneling for a class of dynamical black holes
• Introduction to dynamical horizons in numerical relativity
• Hawking radiation without black hole entropy
• The "physical process" version of the first law and the generalized second law for charged and rotating black holes
• The first law for slowly evolving horizons
• Marginally trapped tubes and dynamical horizons
• Spherically symmetric spacetimes with a trapped surface
• Global Extensions of Spacetimes Describing Asymptotic Final States of Black Holes
• Dynamical surface gravity
• Does the mass of a black hole decrease due to the accretion of phantom energy
• Gravitational vacuum polarization I: Energy conditions in the Hartle--Hawking vacuum
• Isolated, slowly evolving, and dynamical trapping horizons: geometry and mechanics from surface deformations
• Problems with Tunneling of Thin Shells from Black Holes
• Energy and entropy conservation for dynamical black holes
• Hawking-like radiation does not require a trapped region
• Thermodynamics of Apparent Horizon in Brane World Scenarios
• Energy conservation for dynamical black holes
• Non-symmetric trapped surfaces in the Schwarzschild and Vaidya spacetimes
• The ``Nernst Theorem'' and Black Hole Thermodynamics
• Extremality conditions for isolated and dynamical horizons
• Trapped surfaces and symmetries
• A generalized Damour-Navier-Stokes equation applied to trapping horizons
• Black Hole Boundary Conditions and Coordinate Conditions
• Quasi-local rotating black holes in higher dimension: geometry
• New theoretical approaches to black holes
• Outer Trapped Surfaces in Vaidya Spacetimes
• Mechanics of multidimensional isolated horizons
• Area evolution, bulk viscosity and entropy principles for dynamical horizons
• Symmetries, Horizons, and Black Hole Entropy
• Metric-based Hamiltonians, null boundaries, and isolated horizons
• Tunneling Effect Near Weakly Isolated Horizon
• On the existence of horizons in spacetimes with vanishing curvature invariants
• Existence of black holes in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe dominated by dark energy
• Asymptotic Behavior of Spherically Symmetric Marginally Trapped Tubes
• No-Go Theorem in Spacetimes with Two Commuting Spacelike Killing Vectors
• Symmetric non-expanding horizons
• Spacetimes containing slowly evolving horizons
• Fundamental properties and applications of quasi-local black hole horizons
• Skyrme Black Holes in the Isolated Horizons Formalism
• Mechanics of higher-dimensional black holes in asymptotically anti-de Sitter space-times
• Properties of Black Hole Radiation From Tunnelling
• Isolated horizons in higher-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Trapping Horizons as inner boundary conditions for black hole spacetimes
• Isolated and dynamical horizons from a common perspective
• Boundary Terms and Noether Current of Sphereical Black Holes
• Supersymmetric isolated horizons in ADS spacetime
• Spherically symmetric dynamical horizons
• When is S=A/4?
• Supersymmetric isolated horizons
• Closed Universes With Black Holes But No Event Horizons As a Solution to the Black Hole Information Problem
• Notes on Isolated Horizons
• Isolated Horizon, Killing Horizon and Event Horizon
• Proof of the entropy bound on dynamical horizons
• Non-minimally coupled multi-scalar black holes

Cited by in corpus (42)

• Kodama time: Geometrically preferred foliations of spherically symmetric spacetimes
• Test of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture with a charged scalar field and dyonic Kerr-Newman black holes
• Cosmological apparent and trapping horizons
• Foliation dependence of black hole apparent horizons in spherical symmetry
• Making sense of the bizarre behaviour of horizons in the McVittie spacetime
• Spherical inhomogeneous solutions of Einstein and scalar-tensor gravity: a map of the land
• The spatial relation between the event horizon and trapping horizon
• The charged McVittie spacetime
• The slicing dependence of non-spherically symmetric quasi-local horizons in Vaidya Spacetimes
• Jordan frame no-hair for spherical scalar-tensor black holes
• Are quantization rules for horizon areas universal?
• An analysis of the Sultana-Dyer cosmological black hole solution of the Einstein equations
• Searching for dynamical black holes in various theories of gravity
• Horizon thermodynamics and spacetime mappings
• Conformally rescaled spacetimes and Hawking radiation
• Astrophysical Black Hole horizons in a cosmological context: Nature and possible consequences on Hawking Radiation
• Hawking radiation from the cosmological horizon in a FRW universe
• The horizon-entropy increase law for causal and quasi-local horizons and conformal field redefinitions
• Dynamical apparent horizons in inhomogeneous Brans-Dicke universes
• The Thermodynamic Efficiency in Static and Dynamic Black Holes
• Conformal Killing horizons and their thermodynamics
• Dynamical spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models in anti-de Sitter spacetime
• Noncommutative Heisenberg algebra in the neighbourhood of a generic null surface
• Cosmological applications of the Brown-York quasilocal mass
• Disformal mappings of spherical DHOST geometries
• Gravitational Collapse in Scale-Dependent Gravity
• Time dependent embedding of spherically symmetric Rindler-like spacetime
• The 1+1+2 formalism for Scalar-Tensor gravity
• Kinematics and dynamics of null hypersurfaces in the Einstein-Cartan spacetime and related thermodynamic interpretation
• Hawking radiation from acoustic black holes in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Stationarity of Extremum Entropy Fluid Bodies in General Relativity
• Abbott-Deser-Tekin like conserved quantities in Lanczos-Lovelock gravity: beyond Killing diffeomorphisms
• On the Definition of Black Holes: Bridging the Gap Between Black Holes and Singularities
• Spacetime mappings of the Brown-York quasilocal energy
• Trapping Horizons in the Sultana-Dyer Space-Time
• Dynamical black holes and accretion-induced backreaction
• Gravitational Pressure, apparent horizon and thermodynamics of FLRW universe in the teleparallel gravity
• Weak Energy Condition, Trapped Surfaces and Black hole Third Law
• Surface configuration in $R+{\mu }^4/R$ gravity
• Surface gravity in spherically symmetric collapsing stars
• Cosmological Black hole Candidates: A Detailed Analysis of McVittie, Culetu, Sultana-Dyer, and Glass-Mashhoon Spacetimes
• Microscopic entropy of trapping horizon